Las cuatro etapas de la política exterior de Catar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i05.y2016.001Palabras clave:
política exterior de Catar, Primavera Árabe de Catar, política exterior de Tamim, islamistas cataríesResumen
Durante los dos primeros siglos de la historia contemporánea de Catar, sus jeques dirigentes mantuvieron la seguridad mediante alianzas con al menos una entidad política más poderosa cada vez, mientras mantenían una postura mayormente inofensiva y silenciada. Pero el liderazgo emergente en los años 1980 trajo nuevas ideas. La seguridad aún se basaba en una relación central de protección, pero esta dependencia se diversificó mientras Catar se integraba en dinámicas energéticas, de seguridad, financieras y políticas, y también en una toma de conciencia más amplia, con estados clave alrededor del mundo. Además, el estado cultivó una reputación de relativo actor neutral por lo que, en conjunto, Catar estaba bien posicionado para una posible marcha de su aliado central. Sin embargo, la reputación de Catar como un estado no conflictivo, pacífico y casi neutral se vio socavada al escoger bando sus líderes durante la Primavera Árabe. Sin la capacidad, recursos o experiencia para implicarse eficazmente en los conflictos gordianos que surgieron tras la Primavera, Catar obtuvo una reputación de peligroso dilatador, avivando ira entre aliados clave de los mundos árabe y occidental. Su joven emir debe ahora recorrer una senda peligrosa, atrapado entre el camino de la dependencia que promueve mantener antiguas asociaciones y la realidad que Catar forcejea para controlar y usar esas relaciones eficazmente.
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