Las dinámicas de seguridad internas y externas de la política de Catar frente al levantamiento sirio

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen

doi:10.14422/cir.i05.y2016.005

Autores/as

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy University of Washington-Seattle

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i05.y2016.005

Palabras clave:

Catar, Siria, Arabia Saudí, guerra civil siria, oposición siria, grupos rebeldes, financiación del terrorismo, política exterior

Resumen

Catar jugó un papel fundamental en apoyar la oposición a Bashar al-Assad desde el comienzo del levantamiento sirio en 2011. Mientras que Kuwait emergió como un conducto clave (extraoficial) para las transferencias financieras de los estados del Golfo a Siria y como apoyo de Arabia Saudí, al inicio tomó forma de flujo ilícito de militantes y armas para grupos de combatientes de la oposición, Catar adoptó desde el inicio una posición política para organizar la organización siria, además de proveer decenas de millones de dólares a los grupos rebeldes. El apoyo catarí, cada vez más controvertido, era percibido como relacionado con grupos unidos a la Hermandad Musulmana siria. A lo largo del 2012, Catar y Arabia Saudí apoyaron a grupos rivales, contribuyendo a la fragmentación de la oposición, antes de que la responsabilidad por el «archivo sirio» se traspasase de modo decisivo de Doha a Riyadh en primavera de 2013. Esto representó un duro revés a la ambición de Catar de convertirse en un poder regional y resaltó cómo la política sobre Siria de Catar estaba debilitada por la falta de capacidad institucional para sostener los procesos de toma de decisiones altamente personalizados.

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