Qatar's foreign policy engagement with the European Union: evolving priorities of a small State in the contemporary era

Authors

  • Rory Miller Georgetown University – School of Foreign Service, Qatar
  • Khalid al-Mansouri King’s College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i05.y2016.004

Keywords:

European Union (EU), bilateral, region-to-region, diversification, socio-economic development

Abstract

This chapter addresses Qatari-European Union (EU) relations from the perspective of current and future Qatari priorities and interests. In doing so, it examines Qatar’s evolving bilateral and region-to-region cooperation with Europe. It also analyzes recent trends in trade relations and the opportunities and constraints that Qatar faces in increasing gas exports to Europe. It examines how and why Qatar also greatly values Europe for the role that it plays in non-traditional areas of socio-economic cooperation including technology transfer, sustainable diversification, human capital development and investment (both overseas and inward).

This article concludes by arguing that despite the Eurozone financial crisis and the Arab Spring, American dominance of the security sphere, and increased competition from Asia in the economic sphere, the EU and its constituent member states are important partners for Qatar. They are of particular importance to Qatar as key stakeholders in the country’s efforts to achieve socio-economic development through economic diversification.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abadi, J. (2004). Qatar’s foreign policy: The quest for national security and territorial integrity. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 27(2), 14-37.

Agence France-Presse (AFP). (2010, February 4). Qatar invests in major Marseilles Employer.

Al-Asoomi, M. (2011, April 28). In Theory: Arab lessons from the European crisis. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/analysis/in-theory-arab-lessons-from-theeuropean-crisis-1.799962

Al-Ghorairi, A. (2010). The development of the financial sector of Qatar and its contribution to economic diversification. Doctoral Dissertation (PhD.), Durham University.

Al-Jazeera. (2015, May 4). Qatar agrees to buy 24 rafale fighter gets from France. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/05/qatar-agrees-buy-24-rafalefighter-jets-france-150504100952250.html

Al-Mallakh, R. (1979). Qatar development of an oil economy. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Andre, R. (1999). Rapport fait au nom de la Commission des affaires estranges sur le projet de loi autorisant l’approbation de l’accord entre le Gouvernment de la Republique francaise et le Gouvernement de l’Etat du Qatar. Paris: National Assembly.

Athens News Agency. (2011, January 12). Deputy FM Kouvelis on Qatar’s Investing Interest in Greece. Retrieved from http://www.amna.gr/english/category/6/Economy

Athens News Agency. (2013, January 30). PM Samaras Holds Meeting With Qatari Counterpart al Thani. Retrieved from http://www.amna.gr/english/article/2301/PM-Samaras-holdsmeeting-with-Qatari-counterpart-Al-Thani

Baldacchino, G. (2005). The contribution of “social capital” to economic growth: lessons from Island jurisdictions. The Round Table, 94(378), 31-46.

Barnes, D. J. (2015). Europe: Responding to an assertive Gulf. London: European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).

Berrebi, C., Martorell, F. & Tanner, J. C. (2009). Qatar’s labor markets at a crucial crossroad. Middle East Journal, 63(3), 84-102.

Besley, T. & Persson, T. (2011). Fragile states and development policy. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(3), 371-398.

Cooper, A. F. & Momani, B. (2011). Qatar and expanded contours of small state diplomacy. The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, 46(3), 113-128.

Crystal, J. (1989). Coalitions in oil monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar. Comparative Politics, 21(4), 427-443.

Crystal, J. (1995). Oil and politics in the Gulf: Rulers and merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Curmi, L. (2009). Governance and small States. Valletta: University of Malta, Occasional Papers on Islands and Small States.

East, M. (1973). Size and foreign policy behavior: A test of two models. World Politics, 25(4), 556-576.

Esty, D. C. & Geradin, D. (2001). Regulatory competition and economic integration: comparative perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.

European Commission. (2015). European Union, Trade in goods with Qatar. European Commission. Retrieved from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113438.pdf

Fawcett, L. (2013). Alliances, cooperation and regionalism in the Middle East. In L. Fawcett (Ed.), International relations of the Middle East (pp.185-204). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fromherz, A. J. (2012). Qatar: A modern history. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Global Times. (2011, October 2). Qatar seals 1.6-bln-USD investment at Greek mining company. Retrieved from http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/677993.shtml

Gulf Times. (2015, May 25). FM calls for efforts to tackle challenges in GCC-EU ties. Retrieved from http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/440575/fm-calls-for-effortsto-tackle-challenges-in-gcc-eu-ties

Gunter, M. M. (1977). What happened to the United Nations ministate problem? American Journal of International Law, 7, 110-124.

Hall, C. (2011, December 17). Huge infrastructure projects could develop banking sector. Financial Times. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9175fe50-24b1-11e1-ac4b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3v4m1nHWu

Hamidaddin, A. (2013, June 28). An open letter to Qatar’s new Emir Sheikh Tamim. Al-Arabiya. Retrieved from http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2013/06/28/An-open-letter-to-Qatar-s-new-Emir-Sheikh-Tamim.html

Handel, M. I. (1990). Weak states in the international system. London & New York: Routledge, 2nd edition.

Harbert, J. R. (1976). The behavior of the ministates in the United Nations, 1971-1972. International Organization, 30, 109-127.

Harris, W. L. (1970). Microstates in the United Nations: A broader purpose. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 9, 23-53.

Jazbec, M. (2010). Small states and diplomacy: An indispensable, though much diversified relation. Halduskultuur – Administrative Culture, 11(1), 66-83.

Kamrava, K. (2009). Power realignment in the Gulf. Center for International and Regional Studies. Georgetown University in Qatar Newsletter, (6), 6.

Kamrava, M. (2009). Royal factionalism and political liberalization in Qatar, Middle East Journal, 63(3), 401-420.

Kamrava, M. (2013). Qatar: Small state, big politics. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.

Khatib, L. (2013). Qatar’s foreign policy: The limits of pragmatism. International Affairs, 89(2), 417-432.

Krantz, O. (2006). Small European countries in economic internationalisation: An economic historical perspective. Umeå Papers in Economic History, 26.

Mendelson, M. H. (1972). Diminutive states in the United Nations. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 2, 609-630.

Miller, R. D. & O’Sullivan, M. (2010). What did we do right: Global perspectives on Ireland’s miracle. Dublin: Blackhall Publishers.

Nakhleh, E. A. (1977). Labor markets and citizenship in Bahrayn and Qatar. Middle East Journal, 31(2), 143-156.

Olafsson, B. G. (1998). Small states in global system: Analysis and illustrations from the case of Iceland. Aldershot: Ashgate.

O’Sullivan, M. et al. (2008). Intangible infrastructure: Building on the foundations. Zurich: Credit Suisse Research Institute.

Panke, D. (2011). Small states in EU negotiations: Political dwarfs or power-brokers? Cooperation and Conflict, 46, 123-143.

Peterson, J. E. (2006). Qatar and the world: Branding for a micro-state. Middle East Journal, 60(4), 732-748.

PR Newswire.com. (2012, June 21). Qatar launches discussions on sustainability at Rio+20. Retrieved from globaltimes.cn/content/677993.shtml

Prasad, N., Nicola H. N. & Gerecke, M. (2013). Seeing big transformative social policies in small states. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Research Paper, 2013-3.

Rathmell A. & Schulze, K. (2000). Political reform in the Gulf: The case of Qatar. Middle Eastern Studies, 36(4), 47-62.

Reuters News Agency. (2008, October 27). Qatar downplays crisis impact and vows to boost investments. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/search/news?sortBy=date&dateRange=all&blob=qatar+investment#top

Roberts, D. B. (2012). Understanding Qatar’s foreign policy objectives. Mediterranean Politics, 17(2), 233-239.

Rosenthal, E. (2009, January 13). Gulf Oil States Seeking a Lead in Clean Energy. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/world/middleeast/13greengulf.html

Rothstein, R. L. (1968). Alliances and small powers. New York & London: Columbia University Press.

Said Zahlan, R. (1979). The creation of Qatar. London: Croom Helm.

StreetAuthority. (2015, June 23). A Small Bet on Natural Gas Could Make Traders Big Profits. Nasdaq. Retrieved from http://www.nasdaq.com/article/a-small-bet-on-natural-gascould-make-traders-big-profits-cm489653

Thant, U. (1971). Middle East International, 4.

The Peninsula. (2009, May 12). Carbon Trust signs MoU with CECIC for technology development. Retrieved from http://www.swfinstitute.org/fund/qatar.php

Ulrichsen, K. C. (2012). Small states with a big role: Qatar and the United Arab Emirates in the wake of the Arab Spring. Durham: HH Sheikh Nasser al Mohammad al Sabah Publication Series, No. 3.

Vilna, G. (2008, November 2). Qatar, U.K. Establish $400 Million Clean-Energy Investment Fund. Bloomberg News.Com. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a5mMnLNrvO40

Wagner, D., Cafiero, G. & Bin Uzayr, S. (2014, April 25). As the European Union Reconsiders Russian Natural Gas, Qatar Waits in the Wings. International Policy Digest. Retrieved

from http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2014/04/25/european-union-reconsidersrussian-natural-gas-qatar-waits-wings/

Waszak, S. (2009, August 18). Qatari fund offers ray of hope for Polish shipyards: govt. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved from http://217.26.101.136/mfa/nieuws/pietsinke/2009/2009_0820.pdf

Windecker, G. & Sendrowicz, P. (2014). Qatar between marketing and realpolitik: A smart business model for a microstate? KAS International Reports, 1, 83-102.

Woertz, E. (2012). Qatar and Europe’s neglect of the Gulf region. Barcelona: Barcelona Center for International Affairs (CIDOB), No. 46.

Downloads

How to Cite

Miller, R., & al-Mansouri, K. (2016). Qatar’s foreign policy engagement with the European Union: evolving priorities of a small State in the contemporary era. Comillas Journal of International Relations, (5), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.14422/cir.i05.y2016.004