La diversidad en los equipos de trabajo: estudio de sus efectos y factores moderadores
Palabras clave:
Equipos de trabajo, diversidad, categorización social.Resumen
En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura con el propósito de estudiar los efectos que la diversidad de los equipos de trabajo tienen sobre los resultados y actitudes organizacionales de los equipos. Algunos tipos de diversidad tienden a mejorar la creatividad e innovación del equipo, así como otros resultados como la productividad, en determinados contextos. En cuanto a las actitudes del equipo, la diversidad puede mejorar la moral del equipo pero dificultar su interacción social y cohesión, así como aumentar el grado de conflicto entre los miembros del mismo, cuyos efectos sobre la productividad y creatividad dependerá de la forma en que se gestione dicho conflicto. Estas relaciones son, en cualquier caso, complejas y están moderadas por una serie de factores: antigüedad del equipo, relaciones previas de los miembros del equipo, cultura organizacional, estilo de liderazgo, congruencia interpersonal, tipo de tarea y uso de las tecnologías de la información.
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