Migración y cambio climático

Autores/as

  • Etienne Piguet Universidad de Neuchâtel
  • Antoine Pécoud UNESCO
  • Paul de Guchtenerire UNESCO

Resumen

El cambio climático se ha convertido en una preocupación fundamental para la comunidad internacional. Entre otras consecuencias, su influencia en la migración es objeto de una creciente atención tanto de los encargados de formular políticas como de los investigadores. Sin embargo, el conocimiento en este campo es aún limitado y fragmentario. Por ello en el siguiente estudio sepresenta un panorama general del nexo entre cambio climático y migración. Sobre la base de las conclusiones empíricas disponibles, en él se estudian los aspectos clave de la cuestión, comprendido el contexto político y social en que surgió el tema; las respuestas de políticas de los Estados y los pareceres de los diferentes actores institucionales;las perspectivas críticas sobre la relación efectiva entre el medio ambiente y la migración (forzada); los conceptos y nociones más adecuados para tratar esta relación; las implicaciones encuanto a los derechos humanos y al género; así como el derecho internacional y las orientaciones de las políticas. Surgen aquí dos debates relacionados entre sí: el primero atañe al peso de los factores ambientales y climáticos en la migración y su relación con otrosfactores que pueden estimular la migración o desalentarla, ya sean de naturaleza social, política o económica. El segundo se refiere al marco normativo en el que debería darse tal fl ujo de migración y elmodo en que se debe tratar a las personas que se trasladan debidoa factores ambientales. Ambos asuntos están íntimamente entrelazados;en efecto, la medida en que el medio ambiente determinala migración está estrechamente vinculada a la manera en que se considera a la población afectada.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

ADGER, W. N. (2006): «Vulnerability». Global Environmental Change, 16, 268-281.

AFIFI, T., y JÄGER, J. (eds.) (2010): Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability (Actas de Conf. EFSMV - Bonn, 9 al 11 de octubre de 2008). Bonn: Springer Verlag.

AFIFI, T., y WARNER, K. (2008): «The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Migrations Flows across Countries». United Nations University —EHS— Working Paper (5).

ANTHOFF, D.; NICHOLLS, P., et al. (2006): «Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: a sensitivity analysis». Tyndall centre for climate change research, Working Paper (96).

ARENSTAM GIBBONS, S. J., y NICHOLLS, R.J. (2006): «Island abandonment and sea-level rise: An historical analog from the Chesapeake Bay, USA». Global Environmental Change 16(1), 40-47.

BAKEWELL, O. (2007): «Editorial Introduction: researching refugees: lessons from the past, current challenges and future directions». Refugee Survey Quarterly 26(3), 6-14.

BARBIERI, A. et al. (2010): «Climate change and population migration in Brazil’s Northeast: scenarios for 2025–2050». Population & Environment, 31(5), 344-370.

Barnett, J., y ADGER, W. (2003): «Climate dangers and atoll countries». Climatic Change 61(3), 321-337.

BARNETT, J., y WEBBER, M. (2009): Accommodating migration to promote adaptation to climate change. Estocolmo: Comisión sobre Cambio Climático y Desarrollo.

BARRIOS, S.; BERTINELLI, L., et al. (2006): «Climatic change and rural–urban migration: The case of sub-Saharan Africa». Journal of Urban Economics 60(3), 357-371.

BIERMANN, F., y BOAS, I. (2010): «Preparing for a Warmer World Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees». Global Environmental Politics 10, próxima publicación.

BILSBORROW, R. E. (2009): Collecting data on the migration environment nexus. Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Assessing the Evidence F. Laczko y C. Aghazarm. Ginebra: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), 115-196.

BLACK, R. (2001): «Environmental refugees: myth or reality?». New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR Research Paper (34).

BLACK, R., y ROBINSON, V. (1993): Geography and Refugees. Londres: Belhaven.

BRETTELL, C. B., y HOLLIFIELD, J. F., (eds.) (2007): Migration Theory –Talking across Disciplines. Londres: Routledge.

BROWN, O. (2008): Migration and Climate Change. Ginebra: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM)

BURTON, I., KATES, R. W., et al. (1993): The Environment as hazard. Nueva York: Guilford Press.

CAMBRÉZY, L. (2001): Réfugiés et exilés —crise des sociétés— crise des territoires. París: Editions des Archives Contemporaines.

CARE/CIESIN/UNHCR/UNU-EHS/WORLD BANK (2009): In Search of Shelter –Mapping the Effects of Climate Change on Human Migration and Displacement.

CASTLES, S. (2002): «Environmental change and forced migration: making sense of the debate». New Issues in Refugee Research UNHCR Research Paper (70).

CASTLES, S., y KOSACK, G. (1973): Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

CHOLEWINSKI, R.; GUCHTENEIRE, P. DE, y PÉCOUD, A. (eds.) (2009): Migration and Human Rights. The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers’ Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press y París: Ediciones UNESCO.

AID, C. (2007): Human Tide: The real migration crisis, Christian Aid.

COHEN, R. (1995): The Cambridge survey of world migration. Cambridge: University Press.

COLLECTIF ARGOS (2010): Climate Refugees. Boston: MIT Press. DE HAAN, A.; BROCK, K. et al. (2002): «Migration, livelihoods and institutions: contrasting patterns of migration in Mali». The Journal of Development Studies 38(5): 37-58.

EL-HINNAWI, E. (1985): Environmental Refugees. Nairobi: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente.

FINDLEY, S. E. (1994): «Does drought increase migration? A study of migration from rural Mali during the 1983-85 drought». International Migration Review 28(3): 539-553.

GREGORY, J. W. (1928): Human Migration and the Future –A Study of the Causes, Effects & Control of Emigration. Londres: Seeley, Service & Co.

HAMZA, M. A., FASKAOUI, B. E., et al. (2008): Migration and environmental change in Morocco: The case of rural oasis villages in the Middle Drâa Valley: United Nations University EHS –Case study Report.

HARRIS, J., y TODARO, M. P. (1970): «Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis». American Economic Review 60(1), 126-142.

HENRY, S.; BOYLE, P., et al. (2003): «Modelling inter-provincial migration in Burkina Faso: the role of socio-demographic and environmental factors». Applied Geography 23(2-3), 115-136.

HUGO, G. (2008): Migration, Development and Environment. Ginebra: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM)

HULME, M. (2008): «Geographical work at the boundaries of climate change». Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 33(1), 5-11.

HUNTER, L. M.; WHITE, M. J., et al. (2003): «Environmental hazards, migration, and race». Population & Environment 25(1), 23-29.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (2007): Resumen para responsables de políticas: cambio climático 2007: Base de las ciencias físicas. Ginebra: IPCC –Secretaría.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC-1) (1990): Policymakers’ summary of the potential impacts of climate change (Report from Working Groupe II to IPCC), www.ipcc.ch

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (2009): «Migration, Climate Change and the Environment». IOM Policy Brief.

ORGANIZACIÓN INTERNACIONAL PARA LAS MIGRACIONES (OIM) (2008): Informe sobre las migraciones en el mundo 2008. Ginebra: OIM.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) and UNFPA (2008): Expert Seminar: migration and the environment. International Dialogue on Migration. http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/PANA-7FNH38?OpenDocument

ISAAC, J. (1947): Economics of migration. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.

JACOBSON, J. (1988): «Environmental Refugees: A Yardstick for Habitability». Worldwatch Paper –Washington DC(86).

JÄGER, J.; FRÜHMANN, J., et al. (2009): EACH-FOR - Environmental Change and Forced Migration Scenarios: Synthesis Report.

JONSSON, G. (2010): The environmental factor in migration dynamics. A review of African case studies. Working Paper International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.

JULCA, A., y PADDISON, O. (2010): «Vulnerabilities and migration in Small Island Developing States in the context of climate change». Natural Hazards 55(3), 717-728.

KABAT, P.; FRESCO, L. O., et al. (2009): «Dutch coasts in transition». Nature Geoscience (2), 450 - 452.

KAELIN, W. (2008): «The Climate Change –Displacement Nexus». ECOSOC Panel on Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness: Addressing the Humanitarian Consequences of Natural Disasters.

KLIOT, N. (2004): Environmentally Induced Population Movements: Their Complex Sources and Consequences –A Critical Review. Environmental Change and Its Implications for Population Migration. J. D. Unruh, M. S. Krol and N. Kliot. Dordrecht, Kluwer.

KNIVETON, D., SCHMIDT-VERKERK, K., et al. (2008): Climate Change and Migration: Improving Methodologies to Estimate Flows. Geneva, International Organization for Migration –Migration Research Series 33.

KNIVETON, D.;SMITH, C., et al. (2009): Challenges and approaches to measuring the migration-environment nexus. Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Assessing the Evidence, F. Laczko and C. Aghazarm. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM), 41-111.

KOLMANNSKOG, V. (2010): «Climate Change, Human Mobility, and Protection: Initial Evidence from Africa». Refugee Survey Quarterly 29(3), 103-119.

LEIGHTON, M. (2006): Desertifi cation and Migration. Governing Global Desertification. P. M. Johnson, K. Mayrand and M. Paquin. Londres, Ashgate, 43-58.

LONERGAN, S. (1998): «The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement». Environmental Change and Security Project Report (4), 5-15.

MACGRANAHAN, G.; BALK, D., et al. (2007): «The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones». Environment and Urbanization 19(17), 17 37.

MARCHIORI, L., y SCHUMACHER, I. (2011): «When nature rebels: international migration, climate change, and inequality». Journal of Population Economics, 24(2), 569-600.

MARTIN, S. F. (2010): «Climate Change, Migration and Governance». Global Governance 16 (3), 397-414.

MARX, E. (1990): «The Social World of Refugees: A Conceptual Framework». Journal of Refugee Studies 3(3), 189-203.

MASSEY, D. S.; ARANGO, J.; HUGO, G.; KOUAOUCI, A.; PELLEGRINO, A., y TAYLOR, J. E. (1998): Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

MCGREGOR, J. (1993): Refugees and the environment. Geography and Refugees. Patterns and processes of change. R. Black and V. Robinson. London: Belhaven, 157-170.

MCLEMAN, R., MAYO, D., et al. (2008): «Drought adaptation in rural eastern Oklahoma in the 1930s: lessons for climate change adaptation research». Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 13(4), 379-400.

MEZE-HAUSKEN, E. (2004): «Migration caused by climate change: How vulnerable are people in dryland areas?». Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 5(4), 379-406.

MOONEY, E. (2005): «The Concept of Internal Displacement and the Case for Internally Displaced Persons as a Category of Concern». Refugee Survey Quarterly 24(3), 9-26.

MORRISSEY, J. (2009): Environmental Change and Forced Migration: A state of the Art review. Oxford: Refugee Studies Center, Oxford Department of International Development.

MORTREUX, C., y BARNETT, J. (2009): «Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu». Global Environmental Change 19(1): 105-112.

MUNSHI, K. (2003): «Networks in the modern economy: Mexican migrants in the U.S. labor market». Quarterly Journal of Economics 118(2): 549-599.

MYERS, N. (1993): «Environmental refugees in a globally warmed world». Bioscience (43): 752-761.

NAIK, A.; STIGTER, E., et al. (2007): Migration, development and natural disasters: insights from the Indian tsunami. Ginebra: IOM.

NAUDÉ, W. (2008): «Confl ict, Disasters and No Jobs - Reasons for International Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa». United Nations University —WIDER— Research Paper (85).

OLSSON, G. (1965): «Distance and Human Interaction. A Migration Study». Geografi ska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 47(1): 3-43.

PAIS, J. F., y ELLIOTT, J.R. (2008): «Places as Recovery Machines: Vulnerability and Neighborhood Change After Major Hurricanes». Social Forces 86(4).

Paul, B. K. (2005): «Evidence against disaster-induced migration: the 2004 tornado in north-central Bangladesh». Disasters 29(4), 370-385.

PÉCOUD, A., y GUCHTENEIRE, P. DE (2007) Migration without Borders. Essays on the Free Movement of People, Oxford: Berghahn y París: UNESCO Publishing.

PEDERSEN, J. (1995): «Drought, Migration and Population Growth in the Sahel: The Case of the Malian Gourma: 1900-1991». Population Studies 49, 111-126.

PERCH-NIELSEN, S.; BÄTTIG, M. B., et al. (2008): «Exploring the link between climate change and migration». Climatic Change 91(3-4), 375-393.

PETERSEN, W. (1958): «A General Typology of Migration». American Sociological Review 23(3), 256-266.

PIGUET, E. (2008): «Climate change and forced migration». New Issues in Refugee Research –United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Research Paper (153).

PIGUET, E. (2010): Les apatrides du climat. www.fondationmémoireAlbertCohen.ch, Fondation «Mémoire Albert Cohen» –E-colloque 2010 «L’état de droit».

— (2010): «Linking Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration: a Methodolgical Overview». Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1(4), 517-524.

PORTES, A., y BÖRÖCZ, J. (1996): «Contemporary immigration: theoretical perspectives on its determinants and modes of incorporation». International Migration Review XXIII, 606-630.

RAVENSTEIN, E .G. (1889): «The Laws of Migration». Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 52(2): 241-305.

REUVENY, R. (2008): «Ecomigration and Violent Confl ict: Case Studies and Public Policy Implications Contact Information». Human Ecology 36(1): 1-13.

REUVENY, R., y MOORE, W. H. (2009): «Does Environmental Degradation Infl uence Migration? Emigration to Developed Countries in the Late 1980s and 1990s». Social Science Quarterly 90: 461-479.

RICHMOND, A. H. (1994): Global Apartheid. Refugees, Racism, and the New World Order. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

RODRIGUEZ, J.; VOS, F., et al. (2009): Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2008 The numbers and trends. Brussels: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (www.emdat.be).

SALDAÑA-ZORRILLA, S. y SANDBERG, K. (2009): «Impact of climate-related disasters on human migration in Mexico: a spatial model». Climatic Change 96(1): 97-118.

SCALLY, R. (1995): The Irish and the «Famine exodus» of 1847. The Cambridge survey of world migration. R. Cohen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 80-85.

SEMPLE, E. C. (1911): Infl uences of Geographic Environment. Nueva York: Henry Holt and Company.

SEN, A. K. (1981): Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

SLY, D. F., and TAYMAN, J. (1977): «Ecological Approach to Migration Reexamined». American Sociological Review 42(5), 783 795.

SMITH, K. (2001): Environmental Hazards, assessing the risk and reducing disaster. Londres: Routledge.

STARK, O., y BLOOM, D. E. (1985): «The New Economics of Labor Migration». American Economic Review 75, 175-1.789.

STERN, N. (2007): The Economics of Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

STOUFFER, S. (1940): «Intervening opportunities: a theory relating mobility and distance». American Sociological Review 5(6): 845-867.

TACOLI, C. (2009): «Crisis or adaptation? Migration and climate change in a context of high mobility». Environment and Urbanization 21(2): 513-525.

TAFT, D. J. (1936): Human Migration: A Study of International Movements. Nueva York: The Ronald Press Company.

ALTO COMISIONADO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LOS REFUGIADOS (2009): Cambio climático, desastres naturales y desplazamiento humano: la perspectiva del ACNUR. Ginebra: UNHCR.

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (2009): Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development, Nueva York: UNDP.

VAN DER GEEST, K. (2008): «North-South migration in Ghana: what role for the environment?». Paper presented at the International Conference on Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability, Bonn: 9 al 11 de octubre.

ZELINSKY, W. (1971): «The hypothesis of the mobility transition». Geographical Review 61: 219-249.

ZETTER, R. (2009): The role of legal and normative frameworks for the protection of environmentally displaced people. Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Assessing the Evidence. F. Laczko and C. Aghazarm. Ginebra, International Organization for Migration: 385-442.

Descargas

Publicado

2013-05-31

Cómo citar

Piguet, E., Pécoud, A., & de Guchtenerire, P. (2013). Migración y cambio climático. Migraciones. Publicación Del Instituto Universitario De Estudios Sobre Migraciones, (30), 161–196. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/revistamigraciones/article/view/1032

Número

Sección

Estudios