Estrategias de protección social transnacional: mujeres mayores de Rumanía asegurándose la jubilación mediante la migración intraeuropea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.2023.019Palabras clave:
migración intraeuropea, inmigrantes mayores, envejecimiento transnacional, pensiones, protección social transnacional, desigualdades de género y clase, ciclo de vidaResumen
Este artículo explora a través de métodos cualitativos cómo las desigualdades estructurales y los estados de bienestar débiles empujan a las mujeres mayores a migrar hacia distintos países con el fin de completar su pensión. Basándose en conversaciones etnográficas, observaciones y entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a mujeres rumanas en España, explora cómo ellas navegan la ley de la Seguridad Social de la Unión Europea (UE) con la finalidad de agregar periodos de cotización a la seguridad social en diferentes estados miembros y de esta manera obtener derecho a una pensión estatal. Analiza cómo la acumulación de vulnerabilidades relacionadas con la clase, el género, la edad y el estatus migratorio moldean las trayectorias de estas mujeres, quienes envejecen dentro de sistemas de bienestar estructuralmente desiguales. Por lo tanto, el artículo contribuye al campo de la protección social transnacional al enfocarse en la protección social formal dentro de la UE y al adoptar un enfoque del ciclo de vida para explicar las (in)movilidades de las migrantes mayores en relación con la protección social.
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