Efectos combinados de la proximidad lingüístico-cultural y de la naturalización en la integración política de inmigrantes de primera generación

Josep Lobera; Santiago  Pérez-Nievas; José Rama

doi:10.14422/mig.i51y2021.005

Autores/as

Josep Lobera Universidad Autónoma de Madrid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-6312
Santiago Pérez-Nievas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-072X
José Rama King’s College London https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-1696

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i51y2021.005

Palabras clave:

adquisición de preferencias partidistas, inmigrantes, proximidad cultural, estatus de inmigración, naturalización

Resumen

Aunque la baja participación de las minorías inmigrantes en el campo electoral es algo que se observa con frecuencia, las razones que están detrás de su vinculación con lo político están relativamente poco exploradas por los académicos. En especial, son pocos los estudios empíricos que hayan buscado identificar las barreras con las que los inmigrantes de primera generación se encuentran para desarrollar una preferencia partidista en su país de acogida. Gracias a los datos de una encuesta única con un amplio número de casos de inmigrantes de primera generación (N=2.648) en un nuevo país de acogida (España), este trabajo explora la relevancia de dos tipos de factores (proximidad cultural vs estatus de inmigración) para entender la adquisición de preferencia partidista en esta población minoritaria. Encontramos que la proximidad cultural (definida por el país de origen: Latinoamericanos vs el resto) es un fuerte predictor para entender la adquisición de identificación partidista. Más aún, nuestros resultados sugieren que la capacidad explicativa de este factor se ve reforzada a través de un régimen de naturalización del inmigrante que facilita la adquisición completa de derechos políticos a aquellos inmigrantes culturalmente cercanos, lo que, a su vez, refuerza las condiciones para una mejor integración política. Finalmente, los resultados muestran que políticas de naturalización permisivas (versus aquellas restrictivas) ayudan a la integración política de las minorías inmigrantes.

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