Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica
Pensamiento es una revista orientada fundacionalmente a la publicación de todo aquello que tenga ampliamente una relación con la filosofía. Pero no es una revista culturalista, de actualidad o miscelánea, sino orientada a la publicación de artículos científicos de investigación, normalmente producidos en ámbitos académicos universitarios, pero no sólo. Sus artículos, notas, comentarios bibliográficos o crónicas, hacen siempre relación a un enfoque serio, riguroso, científico, académico, de la filosofía. Sus autores y colaboradores han surgido en parte de aquellas instituciones de la Compañía de Jesús que la sustentan y editan, pero no sólo, ya que desde sus primeros años de existencia Pensamiento ha estado abierta a todos y ha sido vehículo de expresión donde han publicado sus artículos importantes filósofos y profesores universitarios, tanto de España como de América Latina preferentemente. Pensamiento, en la actualidad, sigue abierta a la publicación de cuantos productos de calidad le sean ofrecidos. Pensamiento edita tres números al año de carácter ordinario. Desde 2007 viene publicando un volumen especial dentro de la serie: Ciencia, Filosofía y Religión. Pensamiento consta, entre otros, en los siguientes índices y bases de datos internacionales y nacionales: Colección principal de la Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics): Arts & Humanities Citation Index. SCOPUS (Elsevier). Current Contents Connect (WoS). PERIODICAL INDEX ONLINE (ProQuest). INTERNATIONALE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER GEISTES IBZ. REPERTOIRE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE DE LA PHILOSOPHIE DE LOUVAIN. PHILOSOPHER'S INDEX (The Philosopher`s center). CBUC (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya). InDICEs CSIC. DIALNET (repositorio). LATINDEX. ULRICH`S (ProQuest). MIAR (Sistema de medición cuantitativa de la visibilidad de las publicaciones periódicas en Ciencias Sociales: índice de difusión ICDS de PENSAMIENTO: 9.977). REDIB, Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico.
The publishing Universidad Pontificia Comillas retain the copyright of articles published in Pensamiento. Reuse of content is allowed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivates 3.0 Unported. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages, repositories, etc.) respecting the conditions of this license and quoting appropriately the original source.
Hacia la conciliación del hombre neuronal y del hombre computacional
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The concept of «noosphere» as a contribution to an ethics of the «geosphere». From «ecological mysticism» to spiritual activism
Based on the concept of noosphere, understood as the coevolution of human thought to transform the world through technocratic artifacts, we intend to deepen into the spiritual values underlying them and how these give rise to an ecological mysticism where the geosphere is presented as a hierophany and, hence, gives rise to a geoethical praxis based on a resistance in hope. In this sense, our study can be contextualized in the hybrid sphere that arises from the relationships between culture, nature and religion. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate the awareness of spirituality, whose definition could be the dynamics of what gives life, and that gives rise to an ecological conversion, as proposed by Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato Sì (LS).
Exploring a Theological Foundation of Human Unity and Wholeness in Dialogue with Neurosciences: Revisiting the Vienne Council and Contemporary Christian Anthropologies
Neurosciences are contributing to changing our understanding of human nature. Activities previously attributed to a spiritual, immaterial soul are now associated with the brain. This article presents a foundation to develop a theological and anthropological non-reductive monism that could integrate neuroscientific facts and contribute to the debates about the relation of body and soul. An analysis of the Council of Vienne’s formula «simul unitas» allows its translation as «united as a complete total reality». This revision and a study of contemporary Christian anthropologies inspire some proposed theological concepts of dynamic, soteriological, relational, Christological, and eschatological unity.
Ortega’s metaphysics and its relations with technique
El presente artículo se centra en exponer la innovadora propuesta metafísica del filósofo español José Ortega y Gasset. A partir de su comprensión del ser como construcción, trataremos de mostrar el núcleo de la metafísica orteguiana, en la cual los motivos de la técnica, la construcción y la creación tendrán un papel decisivo. Se contrapondrá este planteamiento con ciertas posturas constructivistas, con las que la metafísica orteguiana sólo guarda un parecido superficial, así como con algunas ideas de contemporáneos de Ortega como el filósofo alemán Martin Heidegger. Concluiremos reafirmando la potencialidad del pensamiento en Ortega, especialmente en lo que respecta a su propuesta metafísica.
The crisis of individual responsibility in technological societies
Until the publication of The Principle of Responsibility (1979), most Western ethical systems focused on the exclusively intersubjective nature of actions and paid no attention to the way in which those actions related to the environment. The reason for this is that the environment had been conceived as something completely independent from actions taken or, at least, as a reality endowed with a determined and easily predictable behavior. The development of technology and the knowledge of complex systems have put that notion of the environment under strain, which has altered the type of ethical responsibility of certain actions. This article explains the way in which non-trivial systems challenge Hans Jonas’ notion of responsibility through a new understanding of responsibility suitable to understand the type of interconnection (subjective and objective) characteristic of complex systems.
Rafael Domingo Oslé (2025). El sentido del cristianismo
Gary Lachman (2020). El conocimiento perdido de la imaginación
Rogelio Rovira (2024). La fuga del no ser
Copyright (c) 2025 Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
«The question concerning technology» in the cybernetic era: the case of Bostrom, Kurzweil and Kelly
One of the fundamental questions that challenges philosophy is the leading role of technology in contemporary society. «The Question Concerning Technology» by Martin Heidegger is considered one of the essential reflections for philosophically analyzing the development of technology and its influence on everyday life. Following this track, we will problematize Heidegger's proposal and present three current approaches that update this questioning in our current cybernetic era.
«Symphonia» and «diaphonia» concepts in the musical thought of Isidore of Seville
Isidore of Seville, Father and Doctor of the Church, is considered one of the greatest encyclopaedists of Late Antiquity and the High Middle Ages. Among the many topics he dealt with was music and, within this, different harmonius concepts, paying special attention to symphonia and, to a lesser extent, to diaphonia. This article analyzes for the first time the symphonia and diaphonia concepts within the framework of Isidorian musical thought, localizing and analyzing all the reflections about such concepts distributed throughout the whole work of the bishop from Seville. For that purpose, we will be based on the classical and patristic tradition from which they come from, also taking into account the other Isidorian, musical and non-musical thought.
New technologies, creative learning and pedagoical prospective identities. An approach from Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology
This article analyze the binomial «technology-society» approach to the Husserl conception about transcendence. Reflex around dimensions like biotechnological flexibility from body, creativity and the pedagogical identities prospects check us that the technological use provide the opportunity to the educative action of thinking whit liberty, but don’t establishes reconstructive criteria’s of models idealistic for the education. We conclude that the difference between educative and the social structure reside in that the first determine objectives and the second distribute means.
The Aristotelian principle «esse in subiecto» in the demonstration of the immortality of the soul. The «De immortalitate animae» of Saint Augustine
Saint Augustine’s encounter with Aristotelianism had two paths: on the one hand, the Latin translations of the commentators, who sought the integration of Plato and Aristotle, although they pointed out the primacy of the Athenian; thus, Aristotelianism reached a new rise, but under the conceptual direction of Neoplatonism. On the other hand, the reading of the Categories, in some of the Latin translations that were circulating at that time. In this double framework of reception, we postulate the presence of the Aristotelian principle esse in subiecto, in the argument about the immortality of the soul, and we discern the consequences of this resource. Although the theory of reminiscence explained the origin of knowledge as the truest memory, it was an insuperable difficulty for a creationist mentality; we consider that the Aristotelian element acts on this Platonic structure: the experience of things is not memory, but evocation. Using the Aristotelian principle, Saint Augustine transmutes the immateriality of the Platonic-Aristotelian soul into spirituality.
The raising of the question of whether Nietzsche can be described as a historicist thinker aims to highlight the critical scope of his thinking and its possible deficits. Indeed, the critical force of the Nietzschean genealogy of morality is manifested in the translation of the permanent, identical and eternal in historical terms. The question that arises here is whether the thinking of the late Nietzsche is coherent and consistent with his critical historicist claim.
Sadness and Disease. An episode in Elisabeth and Descartes’ dialogue
Based on the correspondence between René Descartes and Isabel de Bohemia, this article aims to show how the philosopher responds to the concerns of the princess regarding the relationship between health and happiness. In the epistolary exchange, it is gradually revealed that both the position of Descartes and that of Isabel, are being transformed. In fact, if in the first moment Descartes considers that he can advise her that it is possible to break the circle, which has formed in her case, between sadness and illness, the objections of the princess dissuade him from such an endeavor. Consequently, he suggests her to exercise her will to accept the illness and the little fortune as part of her life and to achieve the satisfaction of the spirit. This text will give an account of the change in the position of the two correspondents.
The role of intersubjectivity on personal identity formation in the thought of Gabriel Marcel and Emmanuel Levinas
Modern tradition has explained the human being through subject and substance categories. However, this approach presupposes individual’s autonomy, so intersubjectivity has a secondary role. Gabriel Marcel and Emmanuel Levinas accept the significance of the other in personal identity and criticize modern solipsism. Gabriel Marcel gives intersubjectivity a metaphysical status: coexistence is a condition of human existence that make possible to deal with the human mystery. Emmanuel Levinas goes beyond intersubjectivity and claims that the other is who has initiative and significance. In this paper both approaches are analyzed in a critical and comparative way, showing their agreements and their discrepancies.
Paternity and filiation: reflections on its repercussion in the current anthropological crisis
This work focuses on the relational condition of the human being and the recognition of the father as a shaping element of personal development and of one's identity. First, filiation is shown as a structuring element of our existence, with the consequent need for psycho-affective development to experience this paternal-filial relationship. Then, around the transcendent character of the person, it delves into the originating relationship of man with the Creator Father following to J. Ratzinger. By losing the loving interpretation of the relationship (paternal-filial) that unites man with God and guides the understanding and appropriation of his own identity, as a consequence of the loss of faith, human relationships become fragile and problematic. The specific image of God as Father actually reinforces the autonomy of the free person who continues to be called to believe in the absolute gratuitousness of his bond with God and to discover how necessary he is to return home to find himself fully as a beloved child.
The phenomenon of interpersonal encounter
El siguiente texto busca interrogar el fenómeno del encuentro interpersonal y sus modos de donación. Para ello, se propone enfrentar esta cuestión a partir los recursos que aporta la fenomenología del acontecimiento de Henri Maldiney. Con ello, el fenómeno del encuentro será interrogado como un acontecimiento que irrumpe en nuestras vidas y que no se deja reducir a su efectuación. De este modo, el encuentro interpersonal antes que ser una experiencia cognoscitiva —epistémica— es, en primer lugar, un acontecimiento que nos pone en juego. ¿Cuáles son los caracteres propios de este darse en persona del otro hombre que pueden ser reconocidos a la luz de una aproximación a su dimensión acontecial? Fenómenos como hallarse hundido en una situación inédita e intimado por la presencia irreductible del otro, así como la disponibilidad afectiva y atencional, son algunos de los caracteres que quisiera proponer examinar con el fin de dar cuenta, en este contexto, del fenómeno del encuentro interpersonal.
Limit figures of reduction in Maurice Blanchot’s writing
This article proposes an approach to the evocations and reinterpretations of the Husserlian theme of reduction in the work of the writer and literary critic Maurice Blanchot. For this purpose, on the path opened by some works that have studied its possible relations with phenomenology, it considers the Blanchotian topics of anxiety, essential solitude, neuter and return in so far as they admit to be characterized as limit figures of the reduction. The modulation of this particular radical suspension to these four figures also allows us to sketch the evolution of his thinking and his relationships with the philosophies of Heidegger and Levinas. Although certainly eccentric with regard to phenomenology, Blanchot's work does not pretend to be but a faithful access to the paradoxes and to the own mode of manifestation of literary things themselves.
Epistemological and aesthetic implications of the scientific image for visual culture
The current theoretical and educational models that concern the Visual Studies, subscribe a Visual Culture posed from the transversality; images go through different contexts, and perform different functions where aesthetic and epistemological regimes are debated. An example located in this framework is digital micrography: a visual corpus identified with technically produced images, highly artifact-mediated images, and read as knowledge devices. In this sense, the proposal is aligned with the so-called ACT (Arte, Ciencia, Tecnología) to make converge the different sensitive and epistemological channels; and it to describe a visual metaphorical process by which to translate abstract models into graphic codes that paradoxically generate emancipated images. Micrography, either as an encrypted sign or with visual unit, rethinks boundaries and categories in the academic field; as well as it opens a new path in visual artistic practice.
The concept of formativity. A fundamental contribution of Luigi Pareyson to hermeneutics
Although the origin and the development of the concept of formativity took place in the context of aesthetics, its importance spreads well beyond the limits of any definite area or phase of Pareyson’s philosophical thought. In our opinion, the relevance of the formativity concept lies in its universality and in the fact that it helps illuminate the nature of interpretation, more specifically, the concrete way in which it works. From this point of view formativity represents not only a definitive acquisition for Pareyson’s hermeneutics, but also a contribution to hermeneutics in general. The first part of the article argues that formativity is the inner «secret» of interpretation and the raison d'être of its universality. The second part aims to illustrate the benefit of the concept of formativity (that is, the contributions it can make) for the validity, scope and fecundity of hermeneutics.
Science, Tecnique and Art of Law: a dialogue with knots
The article has as its starting point the four Lacanian Discourses: Discourse of the Master, Discourse of the Hysteric, Discourse of the University and Discourse of the Analyst. Through the three Lacanian Orders, Symbolic, Imaginary and Real, the point of arrival is reached: three legal metadiscourses in which three different forms of association are established (Law-Science-Symbolic Order, Law-Technique-Imaginary Order and Law-Art-Real Order). The fourth node/order (Symptom) and the fourth legal dimension (History) unfold in a juspsychoanalytic context —characterized by Lack— that takes into account «the impotence of truth» and «the power of the impossible».
Necessity, equilibrium and gift: an anthropological foundation for economics
Modernity was characterized by a zero-sum game anthropology that exaggerates the human desire for freedom and led to an anthropological crisis materialized in a sole focus on results. To overcome this reductionism, this article takes up the narrative of the gift— first social, then moral— and enrich it with a transcendental proposal. It aims to show that, although man is a needy being, his most radical feature is his self-giving capacity, since he is also a transcendentally open person who is backed by his status as gift. This anthropological backdrop could lead to a renewal of economics with a capacity to create new alternatives.
At the end of his life, Leo Strauss defined himself as an Epicurean who helped making the world a world. The aim of this paper is to explain such self-definition by a philosopher whose interpretation has been, and still is, problematic. It will be shown that Strauss’s description as Epicurean is compatible with the fact that he was a skeptical Socratic philosopher. Thus, the label «Epicurean» must be understood rather in relation to his position in the debate between Revelation and philosophy. Furthermore, it is the Socratic conception of the relationship between philosophy and politics that explains the world-making of a philosopher like Strauss.
Two treatises by Francisco Javier Clavigero that were considered lost: General physics and Metaphysics
This paper focuses on an anonymous eighteenth-century Latin manuscript (ms. 148) found in Guadalajara, Mexico, which contains three different treatises, one of whom is the Particular physics, which is known to have been written by the famous jesuit from New Spain Francisco Javier Clavigero (1731-1787). The purpose is to show that he is almost certainly the author of the two other treatises. To achieve this conclusion, the following questions are tackled: What kind of treatises does the manuscript contain? What is the author’s general philosophical position? Are the three treatises part of a general project? What correspondences can we establish between the manuscript and what we know about Clavigero and his previously considered lost philosophical course?
D. Acemoğlu y J. Robinson (2025). Auge y caída de las leyes generales del capitalismo
D. Boyarin (2023). The No-State Solution