Pope Francis’ Communication Strategy on Instagram: Taking Stock of a Decade of Spiritual Leadership in the Digital Sphere

Authors

  • Jonattan Rodríguez Hernández Complutense University of Madrid image/svg+xml
  • Eglée Ortega Fernández Complutense University of Madrid image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol290.i1468.y2026.009

Keywords:

religious communication, digital culture, spiritual leadership, Catholic Church, digital public sphere

Abstract

The communication of the Catholic Church has undergone a profound transformation in the context of digital culture, where social networks have been consolidated as relevant spaces for religious mediation and public presence. This study analyzes Pope Francis’ communication strategy on Instagram during the tenth anniversary of his pontificate, based on a corpus of 226 publications and more than 64,000 comments (March 2023—March 2024). Using discourse analysis and natural language processing (NLP) techniques, predominant topics, tone, and levels of interaction are examined. The results show a coherent strategy focused on evangelical values such as peace, mercy and hope, with the capacity to generate emotional participation. Instagram is thus consolidated as a key symbolic space in the digital communicative legacy of the pontificate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ACN. (2023). Libertad Religiosa en el Mundo 2023: Resumen Ejecutivo. https://bit.ly/3ojS9yG

Agencia Fides. (2023). Estadísticas. https://www.fides.org/es/stats

Ari, N., Ustazhanov, M. (2014). Matplotlib in Python. En 2014 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computer and Computation (ICECCO), (pp. 1-6). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCO.2014.6997585

Berraquero-Rodríguez, D., Cristófol, F. J. (2026). Building faith loyalty: Relationship marketing strategies and brand communities in the Hermandad de la Macarena. International Visual Culture Review, 18(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v18.6111

Campbell, H. A. (Ed.). (2023). Digital religion yearbook 2023: Exploring religion and digital media. Routledge.

Cierva, Y., Black, J., O’Reilly, C. (2016). Managing communications for large Church events. Church, Communication and Culture, 1, 110 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2016.1181308

Cristofol Rodríguez, F., Berraquero-Rodríguez, D., Cruz Ruiz, E. (2025). Las hermandades de Semana Santa y el marketing en redes sociales: Una revisión sistemática. Vivat Academia, 158, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.15178/va.2025.158.e1583

Febrian, H. (2024). Visualizing Authority: Rise of the Religious Influencers on the Instagram. Social Media + Society, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241286850

Herrero-Solana, V., Faba-Pérez, C. (2023). European Patent Office (EPO) en Twitter: A content analysis. World Patent Information, 74, 102213. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2023.102213

IAB Spain. (2024). Estudio Anual de Redes Sociales 2024: Resumen Ejecutivo. https://bit.ly/3pC3Q9r

Ipsos. (2023, mayo). Religión global 2023: Creencias religiosas en el mundo. Ipsos Global Advisor. https://bit.ly/3ogfA6G

Knezović, M., Skoko, I., Stipić, D. (2020). Pope Francis’ messages for World Communication Day. South Eastern European Journal of Communication, 2(2), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.47960/2712-0457.2020.2.2.47

Mullan, M. (2015). Constructing an identity online: logging-on as “Catholic”. Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture, 4(1), 96-125. https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-90000102

Myrick, J. G., Comfort, S. E. (2019). The Pope, politics, and climate change: An experimental test of the influence of news about Pope Francis on American climate change attitudes and intentions. Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture, 8(2), 226-245. https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00802003

Narbona, J. (2016). Digital leadership, Twitter and Pope Francis. Church, Communication and Culture, 1(1), 90 - 109. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2016.1181307

Ortega Fernández, E., Padilla Castillo, G., Rodríguez Hernández, J. (2021). El audio efímero como comunicación digital innovadora. El caso Clubhouse. CIC: Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, 26, 107-121. https://doi.org/10.5209/ciyc.75818

Pérez-Latre, F. (2019). Los medios, los papas y la comunicación del Vaticano entre Benedicto XVI y Francisco (2007-2017). Church, Communication and Culture, 4(1), 61 - 78. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2019.1566746

Pérez-Martínez, V. (2022). The message of Pope Francis in time of pandemic: Engagement and sentiment on Twitter. Church, Communication and Culture, 7(1), 196 - 219. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2022.2040372

Praveen Gujjar, J., Prasanna Kumar H., R. (2020). Opinion mining for the customer feedback using TextBlob. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering. 6(4), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT206418

Scardigno, R., Papapicco, C., Luccarelli, V., Zagaria, A., Mininni, G., D’Errico, F. (2021). The humble charisma of a white-dressed man in a desert place: Pope Francis’ communicative style in the Covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 683259. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683259

Schuldt, J., Pearson, A., Romero-Canyas, R., Larson-Konar, D. (2017). Brief exposure to Pope Francis heightens moral beliefs about climate change. Climatic Change, 141, 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1893-9

Statista (2022). Redes sociales con mayor número de usuarios activos a nivel mundial en enero de 2022. https://bit.ly/39QMrAy

The Social Media Family. (2023). Informe redes sociales. https://bit.ly/3WxXZ0H

Vatican News (2023, marzo 4). Continúa el crecimiento de los católicos en el mundo, 1.378 millones en 2021. https://bit.ly/3EDvpcO

Vitullo, A. y Mastrofini, F. (2023). Catholic Church’s communication in the era of Bergoglio: Balancing tradition and a new leadership. Religions, 14(2), 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020194

Vokurka, R., Mcdaniel, S., Cooper, N. (2002). Church marketing communication methods. Services Marketing Quarterly, 24(1), 17 - 32. https://doi.org/10.1300/J396v24n01_02

Waskom, M. (2021). Seaborn: Statistical Data Visualization. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(60), 3021. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03021

We Are Social y Meltwater. (2023). Digital 2023 global overview report. DataReportal. https://bit.ly/3MkJZ5b

Wiesenberg, M. (2020). Authentic church membership communication in times of religious transformation and mediatisation. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101817

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Rodríguez Hernández, J., & Ortega Fernández, E. (2026). Pope Francis’ Communication Strategy on Instagram: Taking Stock of a Decade of Spiritual Leadership in the Digital Sphere. Razón Y Fe, 290(1468), 215-240. https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol290.i1468.y2026.009