Prácticas de primera línea y roles ambivalentes en la recepción e integración de inmigrantes en un área rural de Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23801.027Palabras clave:
prácticas de frontline, burocracia a nivel de calle, procesos de integración, áreas rurales en declive demográficoResumen
En Portugal, las áreas rurales se han convertido cada vez más en destinos de inmigrantes y atraerlos forma parte de las estrategias de revitalización rural. Sin embargo, estas llegadas desafían a los municipios con recursos y capacidad limitados. Basándose en un estudio de caso cualitativo en un municipio de la región del Bajo Alentejo (sur de Portugal), caracterizada por el declive demográfico y la creciente dependencia de la mano de obra agrícola migrante, este artículo analiza las prácticas de los profesionales de primera línea en la recepción e integración de inmigrantes en un contexto rural. Dentro de la burocracia a nivel de calle (street-level bureaucracy) y las prácticas de demarcación de fronteras (bordering practices), el análisis emplea cuatro dimensiones analíticas: la escasez estructural y la precariedad laboral de los inmigrantes, los mecanismos formales e informales, las representaciones estereotipadas y las tensiones relacionadas con la migración. Los resultados muestran cómo la escasez de recursos, el abandono político y las tensiones en torno a la inmigración reconfiguran la discrecionalidad y la agencia moral, requiriendo estrategias más allá de los marcos formales. Esto expone tensiones entre un modelo de inmigración de mano de obra temporal y estructuras diseñadas para una población permanente, donde los profesionales desempeñan roles ambivalentes, facilitando o limitando el acceso a los servicios y derechos.
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