Todo es según el color del cristal con que se mira: un relato de la atracción de lugares en un territorio olvidado en Rumanía

Autores/as

  • Mădălina Manoilă Research Institute for Quality of Life , Romanian Academy image/svg+xml
  • Alexandra Deliu Research Institute for Quality of Life , Romanian Academy image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.24199.028

Palabras clave:

atractividad del lugar, territorio olvidado, motivaciones de retorno, motivaciones para la permanencia

Resumen

Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la migración hacia zonas rurales aumentó. Las restricciones de movilidad y socialización llevaron a muchas personas a buscar casas más grandes y espacios verdes en zonas rurales, percibidas como más seguras. En estos flujos, los destinos privilegiados suelen estar cerca de grandes áreas urbanas o paisajes escénicos. Sin embargo, se sabe mucho menos sobre la atracción de lugares en zonas periféricas menos populares. Rumanía, un país con grandes disparidades entre zonas rurales y urbanas, también cuenta con contextos rurales diversos y trayectorias de desarrollo desiguales. Basándose en 34 entrevistas con personas que han tenido diferentes experiencias de (in)movilidad en una zona periférica, este artículo pregunta qué hace atractiva a la zona para los residentes. Mediante análisis temáticos, mostramos que la atracción de lugares se construye en la intersección de las características físicas del lugar, las condiciones materiales, los lazos simbólicos y las prácticas cotidianas, contrarrestando las percepciones de la periferia y transformando la periferia en lugares acogedores.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Alexandru, M. (2012). Stories of upward social mobility and migration in one Romanian commune. On the emergence of “rurban” spaces in migrant-sending communities. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 3(2), 141-160.

Anghel, R. (2016). Migration in differentiated localities: changing statuses and ethnic relations in a multi-ethnic locality in Transylvania, Romania. Population, Space and Place, 22(4), 356-366. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1925

Argent, N., Tonts, M., Jones, R., & Holmes, J. (2014). The amenity principle, internal migration, and rural development in Australia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(2), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.873320

Barcevičius, E., Iglicka, K., Repečkaitė, D., & Žvalionytė, D. (2012). Labour mobility within the EU: The impact of return migration. Eurofound.

Bernard, A., & Perales, F. (2021). Is migration a learned behavior? Understanding the impact of past migration on future migration. Population and Development Review, 47(2), 449-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12387

Bijker, R. A., & Haartsen, T. (2012). More than counter‐urbanisation: Migration to popular and less‐popular rural areas in the Netherlands. Population, Space and Place, 18(5), 643-657. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.687

Bijker, R. A., Haartsen, T., & Strijker, D. (2012). Migration to less-popular rural areas in the Netherlands: Exploring the motivations. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(4), 490-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.07.003

Carling, J. (2002). Migration in the age of involuntary immobility: Theoretical reflections and Cape Verdean experiences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(1), 5-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830120103912

Carling, J., & Pettersen, S. V. (2014). Return migration intentions in the integration–transnationalism matrix. International Migration, 52(6), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12161

Carling, J., & Schewel, K. (2018). Revisiting aspiration and ability in international migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 945-963. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384146

Carrasco-Cruz, A., & Cruz-Souza, F. (2025). Return to the rural: Ambivalent place attachment among youth in rural Spain. Journal of Rural Studies, 119, 103724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103724

Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to return migrants revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 6(2), 253-279.

Cerase, F. P. (1974). Expectations and reality: A case study of return migration from the United States to Southern Italy. International Migration Review, 8(2), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.2307/3002783

Croitoru, A. (2019). No entrepreneurship without opportunity: The intersection of return migration research and entrepreneurship literature. Social Change Review, 17(1), 33-60. https://doi.org/10.1515/scr-2019-0001

Elshof, H., Haartsen, T., Van Wissen, L. J. G., & Mulder, C. H. (2017). The influence of village attractiveness on flows of movers in a declining rural region. Journal of Rural Studies, 56, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.07.004

Eurostat. (2025a). Population on 1 January by age group, sex and citizenship [code migr_pop1ctz] [Dataset]. Eurostat. https://doi.org/10.2908/MIGR_POP1CTZ

Eurostat. (2025b). Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 region [code nama_10r_3gdp] [Dataset]. Eurostat. https://doi.org/10.2908/NAMA_10R_3GDP

Eurostat. (2025c). Demographic balance and crude rates by other typologies [code urt_gind3] [Dataset]. Eurostat. https://doi.org/10.2908/URT_GIND3

Farrell, M., Mahon, M., & McDonagh, J. (2012). The rural as a return migration destination. European Countryside, 4(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10091-012-0012-9

Haartsen, T., & Stockdale, A. (2018). S/elective belonging: How rural newcomer families with children become stayers. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2137. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2137

Hjort, S., & Malmberg, G. (2006). The attraction of the rural: Characteristics of rural migrants in Sweden. Scottish Geographical Journal, 122(1), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00369220600830870

Hofstede, H., Salemink, K., & Haartsen, T. (2022). The appreciation of rural areas and their contribution to young adults’ staying expectations. Journal of Rural Studies, 95, 148-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.07.018

Horváth, I., & Kiss, T. (2015). Depopulating semi-periphery? Longer term dynamics of migration and socioeconomic development in Romania. Demográfia, 58(5), 91-132. https://doi.org/10.21543/DEE.2015.4

Jacob, A. (2015). Migrant’s houses as places and objects of cultural consumption and status display. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 6(1), 309-325.

King, R., & Skeldon, R. (2010). “Mind the gap!” Integrating approaches to internal and international migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1619-1646. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489380

Lagendijk, A., & Lorentzen, A. (2007). Proximity, knowledge and innovation in peripheral regions. On the intersection between geographical and organizational proximity. European Planning Studies, 15(4), 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310601133260

Levitt, P., & Schiller, N. G. (2004). Conceptualizing simultaneity: A transnational social field perspective on society. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1002-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1747-7379.2004.TB00227.X

Lundholm, E. (2012). Returning home? Migration to birthplace among migrants after age 55. Population, Space and Place, 18(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.645

MacKinnon, D., Béal, V., & Leibert, T. (2024). Rethinking “left-behind” places in a context of rising spatial inequalities and political discontent. Regional Studies, 58(6), 1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2023.2291581

MacKinnon, D., Kempton, L., O’Brien, P., Ormerod, E., Pike, A., & Tomaney, J. (2022). Reframing urban and regional “development” for “left behind” places. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 15(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/CJRES/RSAB034

McKinlay, A., & McVittie, C. (2007). Locals, incomers and intra-national migration: Place-identities and a Scottish island. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46(1), 171-190. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466606X96958

Niedomysl, T. (2010). Towards a conceptual framework of place attractiveness: A migration perspective. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 92(1), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2010.00335.x

NIS. (2026). POP306A - Soldul schimbărilor de reședință pe medii de rezidență, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe [Balance of changes in residence, by residence area, macro-regions, development regions and counties]. National Institute of Statistics.

Nonchev, A., & Hristova, M. (2018). Segmentation of returning migrants. Икономически изследвания/Economic Studies, 27(2), 3-24.

Pieterse, J. N. (2010). Development Theory. Deconstructions/Reconstructions (2nd ed.). Sage.

Rist, S., Boillat, S., Gerritsen, P. R. W., Schneider, F., Mathez-Stiefel, S.-L., & Tapia, N. (2011). Endogenous knowledge: implications for sustainable development. In U. Wiesmann & H. Hurni (eds.), Research for sustainable development: Foundations, experiences, and perspectives (vol. 6). Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern.

RPL. (2021). Table 4.3. Persoane care şi-au schimbat reşedința după reşedința anterioară [People that changed their place of residence by previous residence].

Sandu, D. (2022). Challenge and response of regional disparities: Romania in a comparative perspective. In A. Lorenz & D.-M. Mariș (eds.), Das politische System Rumäniens. Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36343-7_13

Sandu, D. (2024a). Regional Human Development Index for Europe, 2019 (RHDI_EU) [EUROPE] [Computer file]. Bucharest, Romania: Research Institute for the Quality of Life - Romanian Academy of Science [producer]. Re-Place Project, Horizon Europe Grant Agreement No. 101094087.

Sandu, D. (2024b). Local Human Development Index for Romania, 2021-2022 (LHDI_RO) [ROMANIA] [Computer file]. Bucharest, Romania: Research Institute for the Quality of Life - Romanian Academy of Science [producer]. Re-Place Project, Horizon Europe Grant Agreement No. 101094087.

Schewel, K. (2020). Understanding immobility: Moving beyond the mobility bias in migration studies. International Migration Review, 54(2), 328-355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319831952

Șerban, M., Deliu, A., & Manoilă, M. (2022). Impactul migrației în agricultură asupra dezvoltării în comunitățile de origine a migranților. Analiză comparativă în două contexte rurale din România de astăzi. In A. Croitoru & A. Iorga (eds.), Dezvoltare comunitară în România. Tritonic.

Shucksmith, M. (2018). Re-imagining the rural: From rural idyll to Good Countryside. Journal of Rural Studies, 59, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.07.019

Smith, L., & Mazzucato, V. (2009). Constructing homes, building relationships: Migrant investments in houses. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 100(5), 662-673. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00571.x

Stockdale, A. (2016). Contemporary and “messy” rural in-migration processes: Comparing counterurban and lateral rural migration. Population, Space and Place, 22(6), 599-616. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1947

Stockdale, A., & Ferguson, S. (2020). Planning to stay in the countryside: The insider-advantages of young adults from farm families. Journal of Rural Studies, 78, 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.06.029

Stockdale, A., & Haartsen, T. (2018). Editorial introduction: Putting rural stayers in the spotlight. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), 2124. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2124

Thissen, F., Fortuijn, J. D., Strijker, D., & Haartsen, T. (2010). Migration intentions of rural youth in the Westhoek, Flanders, Belgium and the Veenkoloniën, The Netherlands. Journal of Rural Studies, 26(4), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.05.001

Toma, S., & Fosztó, L. (2018). Returnees and their neighbors: Migration of the Romanian Roma, networks, social distance, and local development. Review of Sociology, 28(4), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.51624/SzocSzemle.2018.4.2

Velthuis, S., Royer, J., Le Petit-Guerin, M., Cauchi-Duval, N., Franklin, R., Leibert, T., MacKinnon, D., & Pike, A. (2025). Regional varieties of “left-behindness” in the EU15. Regional Studies, 59(1), 2417704. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2024.2417704

Vlase, I. (2011). Migraţia de întoarcere a românilor din Italia. Studiu de caz în Vulturu, Vrancea. Calitatea Vieţii, 22(2), 155-176.

White, A. (2014). Double return migration: Failed returns to Poland leading to settlement abroad and new transnational strategies. International Migration, 52(6), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12138

White, A. (2022). Return migration experiences: The case of Central and Eastern Europe. In R. King & K. Kuschminder (eds.), Handbook of Return Migration. Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839100055.00031

Wirth, P., Elis, V., Müller, B., & Yamamoto, K. (2016). Peripheralisation of small towns in Germany and Japan–Dealing with economic decline and population loss. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.07.021

World Bank. (2020). Companion Paper 4 Cities in Transition: A literature review of urban shrinkage and its implications for Romania. World Bank Group. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099340201252232503/pdf/P1711760b402ba0c0960206bc256714131.pdf

Wyss, A., Zittoun, T., Pedersen, O. C., Dahinden, J., & Charmillot, E. (2023). Places and mobilities: Studying human movements using place as an entry point. Mobilities, 18(4), 567-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2023.2235904

Publicado

2026-07-17

Número

Sección

Estudios

Cómo citar

Manoilă, M., & Deliu, A. (2026). Todo es según el color del cristal con que se mira: un relato de la atracción de lugares en un territorio olvidado en Rumanía. Migraciones. Publicación Del Instituto Universitario De Estudios Sobre Migraciones, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.24199.028