La ecología política de la gobernanza hídrica y la migración en Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23375.007Palabras clave:
migración ambiental, ruralidad, ecología política, Chile, gobernanza hídricaResumen
Las comunidades rurales del centro-norte de Chile enfrentan persistentes conflictos relacionados con el acceso y la gestión de los recursos hídricos. Aunque las dinámicas socioambientales locales han sido ampliamente estudiadas, los patrones de movilidad local siguen poco explorados. Este estudio examina la relación entre sequía, gobernanza hídrica y flujos migratorios en la provincia de Petorca. Utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto, se combinan anomalías de precipitación a largo plazo según los Índices Estandarizados de Precipitación (1983-2019), datos censales de migración neta (1982-2017) y ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas con activistas locales, responsables de políticas públicas y expertos en gestión hídrica. Los resultados cuantitativos demuestran que existe una correlación negativa entre la sequía y la migración neta. Las entrevistas profundizan en cómo las limitaciones sistémicas, el apego al lugar y la llegada de nuevos actores ligados a la agroindustria inciden en la (im)movilidad local. El estudio destaca que los cambios socioambientales, las desigualdades de poder y la gobernanza hídrica son factores centrales en la movilidad dentro de regiones afectadas por el estrés hídrico.
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