Sobre los hombros de las mujeres: inmovilidad basada en el cuidado y adaptación climática en las zonas rurales de Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23420.012Palabras clave:
adaptación al cambio climático, inmovilidad por responsabilidades de cuidado, ecología política feminista, Ghana, agencia de las mujeresResumen
Este artículo analiza las dinámicas de género que articulan la migración y la inmovilidad en contextos de cambio climático en el Ghana rural, con especial atención a las regiones de Bono y Bono East. A partir del trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2022 y 2023, se examina cómo la migración masculina de salida, habitualmente interpretada como una estrategia adaptativa frente al estrés ambiental, reconfigura la división sexual del trabajo, amplía las responsabilidades asumidas por las mujeres y condiciona sus márgenes de movilidad.
El estudio introduce el concepto de inmovilidad basada en el cuidado como su principal aportación analítica, proponiendo comprender la permanencia de las mujeres no como una decisión individual aislada, sino como una condición socialmente producida. Esta se sustenta en tres ámbitos estrechamente interrelacionados —la gestión económica, la seguridad alimentaria y el trabajo de cuidados— que articulan su arraigo en el territorio. Tales responsabilidades, lejos de ser accesorias, garantizan la sostenibilidad cotidiana y la resiliencia de los hogares y las comunidades. Así, la inmovilidad emerge simultáneamente como una restricción estructural y como una forma activa de adaptación al cambio climático.
Al integrar la ecología política feminista con marcos críticos de movilidad e inmovilidad, el análisis va más allá de las narrativas ambientalmente deterministas sobre la migración climática y sitúa la (in)movilidad de las mujeres en jerarquías socioecológicas relacionales. El artículo subraya así la importancia de enfoques de resiliencia climática sensibles al género y arraigados en los contextos locales.
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