Hacia la politización y historicización de la “migración climática”: Una perspectiva de ecología política sobre la movilidad global en el capitalismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23450.005Palabras clave:
movilidad, migración climática, refugiado ambiental, Capitaloceno, ecología políticaResumen
El discurso sobre el cambio climático que surgió en la década de 1990 situó en primer plano la migración inducida por el clima; sin embargo, términos como refugiado ambiental o migrante climático, aunque se emplean con frecuencia en el debate público, siguen sin estar definidos en el derecho internacional de los refugiados, generando ambigüedades jurídicas y lagunas en la protección. Esta ausencia no es meramente terminológica, sino que refleja marcos históricos que han excluido las consideraciones ecológicas de la gobernanza migratoria. Basándose en la ecología política, la literatura marxista y el enfoque de la ecología-mundo de Moore, este artículo examina críticamente las limitaciones de los debates sobre migración climática cuando se desconectan de las dinámicas estructurales del capitalismo global. Sitúa la movilidad en el contexto de la transformación a largo plazo de las relaciones socioecológicas, enfatizando que el desplazamiento es tanto un producto como un motor de la expansión capitalista, el cambio climático y las relaciones de poder desiguales. Al enmarcar la migración inducida por el clima dentro de procesos históricos y estructurales, el artículo subraya la necesidad de reevaluar críticamente las clasificaciones de movilidad a la luz de marcos alarmistas y securitarios y del régimen bélico que emerge tras la invasión de Ucrania en 2022 y la acción militar de Israel en Gaza desde 2023.
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