Innovación social y movilidad humana en áreas olvidadas: estrategias para afrontar la condición periférica en el sur del Cilento y el Valle de Viù (Italia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23832.023Palabras clave:
innovación social, movilidad humana, desarrollo territorial, áreas periféricas, ItaliaResumen
Este artículo analiza la relación bidireccional entre la innovación social y la movilidad humana en dos áreas periféricas de Italia: el sur del Cilento (Campania) y el Valle de Viù (Piemonte). A partir de 104 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a actores clave, nuevos residentes, retornados, emigrantes y habitantes de larga trayectoria, se examina cómo los distintos patrones de movilidad interactúan con las dinámicas locales de innovación social. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas mediante codificación temática y, posteriormente, comparadas a través de un enfoque cualitativo y territorial entre los casos. Los resultados muestran que la movilidad opera simultáneamente como impulsora y como resultado de los procesos de innovación social. Los sujetos móviles aportan conocimientos, redes relacionales y capacidades de acción que favorecen el aprendizaje colectivo, la experimentación organizativa y la creación de iniciativas culturales, itinerarios turísticos e infraestructuras comunitarias. A su vez, estas iniciativas generan nuevas formas de movilidad temporal, circular y, en algunos casos, permanente. Los dos estudios de caso evidencian diferencias significativas en los marcos institucionales que sustentan estas dinámicas. En conjunto, el análisis pone de manifiesto que la innovación social y la movilidad coevolucionan mediante procesos de retroalimentación multiescalar, lo que abre oportunidades para la revitalización territorial de áreas marginadas.
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