Apego al territorio, identidades y experiencias de movilidad. Evidencia de un territorio olvidado en Rumanía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.23897.024Palabras clave:
identidad nacional, identidad local, apego al lugar, movilidad internacional, movilidad internaResumen
Los territorios olvidados se caracterizan por la escasez de oportunidades laborales, una débil conexión con los principales centros urbanos, un acceso limitado a servicios básicos y un sentimiento generalizado de descontento entre sus habitantes. Los profundos cambios socioeconómicos de las últimas décadas —como la desindustrialización, el envejecimiento demográfico y la emigración— han transformado los vínculos con el lugar y redefinido las identidades locales. En este contexto, el fortalecimiento de dichos vínculos se presenta como un elemento clave para la revitalización de estos territorios.
Este artículo analiza cómo las experiencias migratorias contribuyen a configurar la identidad local y nacional, así como el vínculo afectivo con el territorio, en una zona olvidada de Rumanía. El caso rumano resulta especialmente relevante, pues desde 1989 el país ha experimentado una intensa emigración internacional y se ha consolidado como uno de los principales países de origen de migrantes en Europa. Al mismo tiempo, sigue siendo uno de los Estados miembros más pobres de la Unión Europea y presenta marcadas desigualdades regionales.
El análisis se basa en datos cualitativos recogidos en el marco del proyecto Re-Place, concretamente en entrevistas a residentes del área de estudio. A partir de sus trayectorias de movilidad, examinamos la identidad y el apego al lugar en tres subgrupos: personas sin experiencia migratoria, inmigrantes internos e inmigrantes internacionales.
Contrariamente a nuestras expectativas iniciales, los resultados muestran que la exposición a la alteridad, especialmente a través de la migración internacional, no reduce de manera significativa el peso de la identidad nacional. Asimismo, la identidad local y los vínculos afectivos con la comunidad emergen como dimensiones más relevantes que la identidad nacional, sin diferencias apreciables entre los tres grupos analizados.
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