Una contribución a la estrategia europea para el bienestar de los ciudadanos frente a la automatización
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/icade.i109.y2020.002Palabras clave:
desempleo tecnológico, bienestar, Unión EuropeaResumen
Este artículo aborda el impacto actual y futuro de la automatización tecnológica en el bienestar de los ciudadanos europeos. En primer lugar, se exploran los factores técnicos, sociales y económicos que determinan el progreso tecnológico y la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías. En segundo lugar, se revisa el impacto de la automatización sobre el empleo. Finalmente, se examina el impacto que la automatización tendrá en el bienestar de los ciudadanos europeos a la vista de lo analizado en las dos anteriores secciones. Con esta finalidad, nos basamos en el impacto asimétrico esperado de la automatización en personas con diferentes niveles de educación y en las tendencias actuales de desigualdad. A lo largo del artículo, utilizamos un enfoque normativo, prescribiendo lo que los responsables políticos europeos deben tener en cuenta a la luz de nuestros hallazgos. Encontramos que no está claro cuál será el efecto neto de la tecnología en el empleo, pero la automatización de las tareas manuales y cognitivas no rutinarias desplazará a un porcentaje significativo de trabajadores. Encontramos que las tendencias actuales de aumento de las desigualdades se intensificarán debido al hecho de que la automatización afectará más a trabajadores poco calificados. Encontramos que el diseño institucional actual de la Unión Europea no es apto para abordar los desafíos educativos y de protección social. Por lo tanto, podemos esperar resistencia social al progreso tecnológico e inestabilidad política en los años venideros.
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