Régimen jurídico estadounidense de las organizaciones religiosas y sus miembros

Autores/as

  • Antonio Sánchez-Bayón Universidad. Loyola. Universidad Camilo José Cela

Palabras clave:

Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU.), Ordenamiento y régimen jurídico, factor religioso, clero, organizaciones religiosas, litigios

Resumen

El fin de este estudio es doble. De un lado, exponer cómo se reconoce la personalidadjurídica y la capacidad de obrar en el Ordenamiento estadounidense a los sujetos religiosos cualificados (ministros de culto y organizaciones religiosas). De otro lado,explicar cuáles son los principales litigios en los que se ven inmersos dichos sujetos,y cuál suele ser el régimen de responsabilidades al respecto.

Citas

a) Monografías sobre la religión como una corporación: son estudios críticos sobre la dimensión más secular de la religión y su impronta en la vida social, destacando las obras de

BUDDE, M. (1997), The (Magic) Kingdom of God: Christianity and Global Culture Industries, Boulder: Westview.

BUDDE, M., BRIMLOW, R. (2002), Christianity incorporated. How big business is buying the church, Grand Rapids: Baker Books.

CARLSON-THIES, S.W., SKILLEN, J.W. (1996), Welfare in America: Christian Perspectives on a Policy in Crisis, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing.

COUGHLIN, B.J. (1965), Church and State in Social Welfare, New York: Columbia University Press.

DAVIS, D., HANKINS, B. (1999), Welfare reform and Faith-based organizations, Waco: Baylor University Press.

DEMERATH, N.J., et al. (1997), Sacred Companies, New York: Oxford University Press.

GAFFNEY, E.M., et al. (1984), Ascending Liability in Religious and Other Nonprofit Organizations, Macon: Mercer University Press.

LOCONTE, J. (1997), Seducing the Samaritan: How Government contracts are reshaping social services, Boston: Pioneer Institute for Public Policy Research.

NOVAK, M. (1982), The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism, New York: Simon & Schuster.

_ (1993), The Catholic Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, New York: Free Press.

OAKS, D.H. (1984), Trust Doctrines in Church Controversies, Macon: Mercer University Press. ZOLLMANN, C. (1933), American Church Law, St. Paul: West Publishing Co.

b) Guías sobre asesoría jurídica y económica: aportan consejos para la correcta administración de una parroquia (o equivalentes), y sus interacciones con los poderes públicos (e.g. IRS, juicios, etc.); destacan las aportaciones de

ANGLIM, C.T. (1999), Contemporary Legal Issues. Religion and the Law. A Dictionary, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

BASSETT, W.W. (2002), Religious organizations and the Law (vol. 1-2), Denver: West Group.

BULLIS, R.K. (2001), Sacred calling, secular accountability. Law and Ethics in complementary and spiritual counseling, Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge.

BURSTEIN, A. (1966), Laws concerning religion in the United States, Dobbs Ferry: Oceana Publications.

CHAFFEE, P. (1993), Accountable Leadership: resources for worshipping communities: a Guide through Legal, Financial, and Ethical Issues facing Congregations today, San Francisco: Church Care Publishing.

COUSER, R.B. (1993), Ministry and the American Legal System. A Guide for Clergy, Lay workers, and Congregations, Minneapolis: Fortress.

EIDSMOE, J. (1984), The Christian Legal Advisor, Grand Rapids: Baker.

ESBECK, C.H. (1996), The regulation of religious organizations as recipients of Governmental assistance, Washington: Center for Public Justice.

HAMMAR, R.R. (2000), Pastor, Church and Law, Christian Ministry Resources, Matthews.

JASPER, M.C. (1998), Religion and the Law, Dobbs Ferry: Oceana Publications.

LYNN, B., et at. (1995), The Right to Religious Liberty, The Basic ACLU Guide to Religious Rights, Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.

MAZUR, C.S., BULLIS, R.K. (1993), Legal issues and religious counselling, Louisville: John Knox Press.

_ (1994), Legal Guide for Day-to-Day Church Matters, A handbook for pastors and church members, Cleveland: The Pilgrim Press.

POLLACK, D.R. (1992), Business Management in the Local Church, Chicago: Moody Press.

REMLEY,T.P., HERLIHY, B. (2006), Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Counseling, Pearson.

SCHAUEHNESSY, M.A. (1998), Ministry and the Law. What you need to know, Mahwah: Paulist Press.

STAVER, M.D. (1995), Faith & Freedom. A complete handbook for defending your religious rights, Wheaton: Crossway Books.

TAYLOR, T.F. (1996), 7 Deadly Lawsuits. How Ministers can avoid litigation and regulation, Nashville: Abingdon Press.

c) Lecturas sobre consultoría de actividades religiosas y de asistencia social: sirven de guía para el ejercicio del ministerio religioso y la mejora de las relaciones entre la parroquia (o equivalentes) y el vecindario, en su prestación de servicios sociales y apoyo de marginados (e.g. asistencia benéfica, patrocinio de equipos deportivos infantiles, grupos de terapia para adicciones, centros de reunión para mayores y veteranos, etc.); véanse los trabajo de

ANTHONY, M.J. (1993), The effective Church Board: A Handbook for mentoring and training servant leaders, Grand Rapids: Baker Books.

COCHRAN, C.E. (1998), Accountability Guidelines for Government and Social Ministries, Washington: Center for Public Justice.

COLLINS, G.R. (1991), Excellence and Ethics in Counseling, Word Publishers.

COTTONE, R.R., TARVYDAS, V.M. (2002), Ethical and Professional Issues in Counseling, Prentice Hall.

ELLIOT, L.D., ELLIOT, E. (2003), How Can I Help?: Caring for People Without Harming Them or Yourself, Chosen Books.

SANDERS, R.K. (1997), Christian Counseling Ethics: a handbook for therapists, pastors and counselors. Downers Grove: InterVasity Press.

d) Lecturas institucionales: son aquellas guías prácticas elaboradas por las instituciones públicas y los centros de investigación de alto rendimiento (se puede obtener copia gratuita en las páginas electrónicas oficiales); se recomiendan las obras de

LUPU, I.C., TUTTLE, R.W. (2003), The Roundtable on Religion and Social Welfare Policy. The State of the Law: Developments in the Law concerning Government partnerships with religious organizations, Washington: The George Washington University & Rockefeller Institute of Government.

_ (2004), The Roundtable on Religion and Social Welfare Policy. The State of the Law: Partnerships between Government and Faith-Based Organizations, Washington: The George Washington University & Rockefeller Institute of Government.

VV.AA. (2007), Report on Enforcement of Laws Protecting Religious Freedom, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.

VV.AA. (2006), Guidelines for Political Activities by Churches and Pastors, Alliance Defense Fund.

VV.AA., Tax Guide for Churches and Religious Organizations. Benefits and responsabilities under the Federal Tax Law, Washington. Internal Revenue Service.

VV.AA. (2001), Guidance to Faith-based and Community Organizations on Partnering with the Federal Government, Washington: White House.

VV.AA. (2002), Religious Liberty Council Issue Guide. Advocating Religious Liberty in the Public Square, Religious Liberty Council.

VV.AA. (2004-07), Religious Freedom in Focus (vols. 1-26), Washington: U.S. Department of Justice.

e) Lecturas sobre American Church Civil Law: destacan los manuales clásicos (por orden cronológico y de influencia en los especialistas) de

ZOLLMANN, C. (1993), American Church Law, St. Paul: West Publishing Co.

STOKES, A.P. (1950), Church and State in the United States (vol. I-III), New York: Harper & Row.

PFEFFER, L. (1967), Church, State and Freedom, Boston: The Beacon Press.

_ (1958), Creeds in competition: A creative force in American culture, New York: Harper & Row.

LEGLER, J. (1952), The Two Sovereignties. A study of the relationship between Church and State, New York: Philosophical Library.

DAWSON, J.M. (1953), America´s Way of Church, State, and Society, New York: MacMillan.

WOOD, J., et al (1958), Church and State in Scripture. History and Constitutional Law, Waco: Baylor University Press. – (1961), Church and State, Waco: Baylor University Press.

MANNING, L.F. (1981), The Law of Church-State Relations in a Nutshell, St. Paul: West Publishing Co.

f) Obras en español:

SÁNCHEZ-BAYÓN, A. (2012), Estado y religión de acuerdo con los Estados Unidos de América. Análisis y sistematización del modelo relacional, Saarbrücken: EAE.

_ (2011a), Sistema de Derecho Comparado y Global, Valencia: Tirant.

_ (2011b), Derecho Eclesiástico Global. Cuestiones y materiales de trabajo para Derecho Eclesiástico y Canónico, Madrid: UCJC/Delta.

_ (2009), Estudios de cultura política-jurídica: de la tolerancia a la libertad y su cuarentena actual, Madrid: Delta.

_ (2009, 2º edic.), Manual de Sociología Jurídica Estadounidense: del poder, lo sagrado y la libertad en la Modernidad Occidental, Madrid: Delta.

_ (2008-13), La Modernidad sin prejuicios. La religión en la vida pública estadounidense (3 Vols.), Madrid: Delta.

SÁNCHEZ-BAYÓN, A., GONZÁLEZ, M. (2011), RIDE. Regulación Iberoamericana de Derecho Eclesiástico, Madrid: Delta, 2011.

_ (2009), Derecho Eclesiástico de las Américas: Fundamentos Socio-Jurídicos y Notas Comparadas, Madrid: Delta.

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Publicado

2013-08-11

Cómo citar

Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2013). Régimen jurídico estadounidense de las organizaciones religiosas y sus miembros. ICADE. Revista De La Facultad De Derecho, (89), 221–251. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/revistaicade/article/view/1129