Between two Cultures: About the Ambiguity of the Identities of Descendants of Chinese Immigrants in Spain

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i54y2022.010

Keywords:

Descendants of Chinese immigrants in Spain, the second Chinese generation in Spain, ambiguous identities, conflicting identities; construction of Chinese migrants’ identity in Spain

Abstract

This article examines the identity problem of descendants of Chinese immigrants as an effect of the migration. This research was carried out with the Chinese immigrants’ descendants and its fieldwork was obtained in Spain and China. The research aims to analyze how the Chinese immigrants’ descendants construct their ambiguous identities and investigate the factors which they perceive as influencing, such as family, language, prejudices, stereotypes, discriminatory experiences, and so on, that stress and cause the contradictory feelings about their identities. It is concluded that Chinese immigrants’ descendants experience a complicated process of identity construction, which entails ambivalences, confusions, and uncertainties due to some internal and external factors. However, over time, these young people will have the possibility to construct flexible and dialectical identities, which are main and complementary at the same time.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Yangmin Jin, Universidad de Salamanca

Doctoral student at the University of Salamanca in Anthropology. She has a degree in Hispanic Philology. She received a master's degree in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language: Language, Culture and Methodology from the University of Granada and a master's degree in Latin American Anthropology from the University of Salamanca.

Eloy Gómez-Pellón, Universidad de Cantabria

Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Cantabria. He graduated in Law, Graduated in Philosophy and Letters and Doctor in Philosophy and Letters. He is an Honorary Member of the Iberoamerican Institute of the University of Salamanca. Before joining the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Cantabria, he was a Professor at the Faculty of Law of Oviedo. He has also been Visiting Professor at the University of Bordeaux in the 2000-2001 academic year. He has held the positions of Vice Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Cantabria, director of the Publications Service of the University of Cantabria and director of the Santander headquarters of the Menéndez Pelayo University. He has directed a dozen doctoral theses at the Universities of Salamanca, Complutense de Madrid, Burgos and Cantabria. He has published around 140 works in publishing houses such as Akal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Tirat lo Blanch, Antrhopos, McGraw-Hill and others, as well as in the following journals: Ethnologie Française, Revista de Antropología Social, Anuario Mexicano de Historia del Derecho , Anuario del Museo Nacional de Antropología, Anthropologica, Anuario Etnológico de Andalucía, Anales de la Fundación Joaquín Costa, Gazeta de Antropología, Gaceta Sanitaria, Anthropos Journal of Anthopology, Revista de Antropología Experimental, Etnicex, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, Scripta Nova, Revista Spanish of American Anthropology and others.

References

Anderson, B. (1993). Comunidades imaginadas. Reflexiones sobre el origen y la difusión del nacionalismo. FCE.

Aparicio, R. y Portes, A. (2014). Crecer en España: La integración de los hijos de inmigrantes. Obra Social “La Caixa”. https://obrasociallacaixa.org/documents/10280/240906/vol38_es.pdf/1a8a03c9-e39a-4853-b15b-bb856989e7d4

Aragón, M. D. R. T. (2010). A caballo entre dos mundos: la construcción identitaria de las segundas generaciones en Alcalá de Henares. Lengua y migración/Language and Migration, 2(1), 67-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10017/10811

Bacchus, N. S. (2020). Belonging and boundaries in Little Guyana: Conflict, culture, and identity in Richmond Hill, New York. Ethnicities, 20(5), 896-914. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819878885

Barth, F. (1976). Los grupos étnicos y sus fronteras. Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Beltrán Antolín, J. (2016). China en España: un tropo polivalente. En J. Beltrán, F. J. Haro y L. Amelia Sáiz (eds.), Representaciones de China en las Américas y la Península Ibérica (pp. 101-124). Bellaterra.

Beltrán Antolín, J. (2008). Los retos de la inserción social. Un caso de estudio asiático. En Carlos Gómez Martínez (ed.), Sistemas culturales multiétnicos y derecho de integración (pp. 177-210).

Bourdieu, P. (2006). La distinción: criterio y bases sociales del gusto. Santillana. Título original: La distinction (1979).

Child, Irvin L. (1970). Italian or American? The Second Generation in Conflict. Russell & Russell.

Clemente, M., Espinosa, P. y Antón, M. F. (2013). La integración de los inmigrantes a través de la comunicación. BARATARIA. Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales, (16), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.20932/barataria.v0i16.73

Edwards, J. (2009). Language and identity: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511809842

García Borrego, I. (2006). Generaciones sociales y sociológicas: Un recorrido histórico por la literatura sociológica estadunidense sobre los hijos de inmigrantes. Migraciones internacionales, 3(4), 05-34. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-89062006000200001&lng=es&tlng=es

Gómez-Pellón, E. (1997). Cultura y Sociedad. En A. Aguirre Baztán (ed.), Cultura e identidad cultural. Introducción a la antropología (pp. 109-130). Ediciones Bardenas.

Jiawei, Gu (2020). 从留根教育到综合素质教育:西班牙华文教育发展的新趋向 [From Traditional Language-teaching to All-round Education: New Trends in Chinese Schools in Spain]. Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies, 3(01), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.32629/er.v3i1.2388

Haller, W. y Portes, A. (2019). Class and ambition in the status attainment process: A Spanish replication. British Journal of Sociology, 70(5), 1825-1849. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12695

Han, Zhen (2007). 全球化时代的华侨华人文化认同问题研究 [On the Study of the problem of Cultural Identification of Overseas Chinese in the Era of Globalization]. Journal of Huaqiao University (Philosophy & Social Sciences), (3), 85-90.

Hansen, Marcus L. (1937). The Problem of the Third Generation Immigrant [Republication with introductions by Peter Kivisto and Oscar Handlin]. Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center and the Augustana College Library.

Le, T. N., Goebert, D. y Wallen, J. (2009). Acculturation factors and substance use among Asian American youth. Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 453-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-009-0184-x

Li, Minghuan (2002). 欧洲华侨华人史 [History of the Overseas Chinese in Europe]. Zhongguo huaqiao chubanshe.

Li, Minghuan (2016). 西班牙华人社会剖析 [Chinese communities in Spain]. Overseas Chinese History Studies, 6(2), 10-21. http://dx.chinadoi.cn/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5162.2016.02.002

Li, Yuan y Zhao, Jing (2016). 德国浙籍华人新移民的跨国公民身份研究 [Research on Transnational Citizenship of New Chinese Immigrants from China in Germany]. Deutschland Studien, (4), 113-126.

Lin, E. Y. (2008). Family and social influences on identity conflict in overseas Chinese. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(2), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.09.005

Liu, Ying (2009). 移民网络与侨乡跨国移民分析——以青田人移民欧洲为例 [Emigration Network and the Transnational Emigration Waves in Southern Zhejiang Qiaoxiang: A Study on the Emigration of Qingtian People to Europe]. Overseas Chinese History Studies, 6(2), 27-35. http://dx.chinadoi.cn/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5162.2009.02.004

Martínez-León, P., Ballester-Roca, J. y Ibarra-Rius, N. (2017). Identidades fronterizas y pertenencias plurales: diversidad e interculturalidad a través de la educación literaria. Didáctica: Lengua y Literatura, 29, 155. https://doi.org/10.5209/DIDA.57135

Masdeu Torruella, I. (2014). Mobilities and embodied transnational practices: An ethnography of return(s) and other intersections between China and Spain (Tésis Doctoral). Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Medvedeva, M. y Portes, A. (2018). Bilingüismo con lengua heredada y autoidentidad: el caso de los hijos de inmigrantes en España. Reis, (163), 21-40.

Montes-Berges, B. (2008). Discriminación, prejuicio, estereotipos: conceptos fundamentales, historia de su estudio y el sexismo como nueva forma de prejuicio. Iniciación a la investigación, (3), 3. https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/ininv/article/view/202

Nieto, G. (2007). La inmigración china en España: una comunidad ligada a su nación. Catarata.

Oliveira, C. R. (2016). A presença chinesa em Portugal: entre a estructura de oportunidades e as percepções sociais da sociedade de acolhimento. En J. Beltrán, F. J. Haro y L. Amelia Sáiz (eds.), Representaciones de China en las Américas y la Península Ibérica (pp. 205-223). Bellaterra.

Ou, Y. (2019). Chinese-Spanish Immigrant Child Performance on Chinese Language Tests: A Case Study on Chinese-Spanish Children. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(4), 1037-1047. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070415

Pieke, F. (2006). Comunidad e identidad en el nuevo orden migratorio chino. En Joaquín Beltrán (ed.), Las diásporas de Asia Oriental en Europa Occidental (pp. 69-99). Documentos CIDOB-Asia.

Qin, D. B. (2008). Doing well vs. feeling well: Understanding family dynamics and the psychological adjustment of Chinese immigrant adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9220-4

Robles-Llana, P. (2018). Cultural Identities of Children of Chinese Migrants in Spain: A Critical Evaluation of the Category 1.5 Generation. Identity, 18(2), 124-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2018.1447481

Robles-Llana, P. (2019). Children of Chinese Migrants in Spain: New Expressions of Dual Identities and Identities in Between. Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, 13(2), 97-116,192. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/children-chinese-migrants-spain-new-expressions/docview/2351592098/se-2?accountid=17252

Robles-Llana, P. (2021). Children of Chinese Migrants in Spain: Life Experiences and Cosmopolitan Identities. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 42(2), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2021.1883565

Sáiz López, A. (2005a). La migración china en España. Características generales. CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, (68), 151-163. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40586129

Sáiz López, A. (2012). Mujeres chinas en España. El capital social y su impacto en las estrategias productivas y reproductivas. Papers: revista de sociología, 97(3), 0591- 612. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v97n3.434

Sáiz López, A. (2006). Procesos de socialización de los hijos e hijas de familias de origen chino. Fundació Jaume Bofill. https://www.fbofill.cat/sites/default/files/1500.pdf

Taylor, D. y Moghaddam, F. (1994). Social Identity Theory. En Theories of Intergroup Relations: International Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 80-1). Praeger Publishers.

Tajfel, H. y Turner, J. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. En W. G. Austin y S. Worchel (eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 94-109). Brooks-Cole.

Tajfel, H. (1984). Grupos humanos y categorías sociales. Herder. Thunø, M. (ed.) (2007). Beyond Chinatown: Contemporary Chinese Migration (No. 41). NIAS Press.

Uña Juárez, F. O., Clemente Díaz, M. M., Espinosa, P. y Fernández-Antón, M. (2011). Choque cultural y confianza entre padres e hijos inmigrantes chinos. Sociedad y Utopía, (37), 81-94. http://www.sociedadyutopia.es/images/revistas/37/EstudiosInmigrantesChinos.pdf

Verkuyten, M., Wiley, S., Deaux, K. y Fleischmann, F. (2019). To be both (and more): Immigration and identity multiplicity. Journal of Social Issues, 75(2), 390-413. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/josi.12324

Woolard, K. y Frekko, S. (2013). Catalan in the Twenty-first Century: Romantic Publics and Cosmopolitan Communities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(2), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2012.720663

Yiu, J. (2013). Calibrated ambitions: low educational ambition as a form of strategic adaptation among Chinese youth in Spain. International Migration Review, 47(3), 573-611. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fimre.12037

Zhang, Xiuming (2005). 改革开放以来青田人的跨国迁移活动及海外青田人对青田的影响 [The Transnational Migration Movement of Qingtianese since the Reform and Opening- up Policy and Its Impacts on Qingtian County]. Southeast Asian Studies, 3, 66-71. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-6099.2005.03.014

Zhang, Xiuming (2007). Remittances, Donations and Investments in Qingtian County since 1978. En Mette Thunø (ed.), Beyond Chinatown: New Chinese Migration and the Global Expansion of China (No. 41) (pp. 67-82). NIAS Press.

Zhuang, Guotu (2002). 略论东南亚华族的族群认同及其发展趋势 [On the Ethnic Identity of the Chinese in the Southeast Asian Countries]. Journal of Xiamen University (Arts & Social Sciences), 3, 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0438-0460.2002.03.009

Published

2022-06-08

How to Cite

Jin, Y., & Gómez-Pellón, E. (2022). Between two Cultures: About the Ambiguity of the Identities of Descendants of Chinese Immigrants in Spain. Migraciones. Publicación Del Instituto Universitario De Estudios Sobre Migraciones, (54), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i54y2022.010

Issue

Section

Estudios