Mecanismos de desarrollo de la migración a nivel de comunidad: redes de migrantes y tipos de vínculos

Mónica Serban

Authors

Mónica Serban Departamento de Sociología, Universidad de Bucarest

Keywords:

International migration, Rumanian emigration, Social networks, Development process in migration

Abstract

The paper approaches the problem of the development mechanism of international migration at community level.Some empirical observations cumulated during several researches,at origin and destination area, regarding Romanian migration to Spain constitute the starting points. Appealing to the distinction introduced by Mark Granovetter in 1976 between weak and strongties, we find that, if initially migration develops almost exclusively based on social relations that could be assimilated to strong ties,there is a moment in the process of development when the departures on the base of weak ties, with important consequences on the migrant’s situation at destination, increase.The paper tries to clarify, preponderantly invoking theoretical arguments,in what measure the departures based on weak ties between migrant and non migrant are normal in the process of international migration development at community level. The study concludes that, because of cumulative effects, migration evolution to a phase when the departure is possible based on weak ties is explainable.Two mechanisms mainly contribute to this result: enhancement of incentives to migrate (because of quantitative and qualitative information increase; visibility of migration effects in the origin area;changes of relative deprivation at community level) and migration costs and risk lowering, with the consequence of reduction of effective support that a non-migrant needs from one migrant in order to migrate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ARANGO, J. (2000): «Explaining migration: a critical view», International Social Science Journal, 165.

BOYD, M. (1996): Family and personal network in international migration: recent developments and new agendas. In COHEN, R. (Ed.): The Sociology of Migration, Brookfield, Vermont, US: Edward Elgar Publishing Company.

CONSTANTINESCU, M. (2002): Teorii ale migrat¸iei internat¸ionale (I), Sociologie Românesca˘, nr. 3-4/2002.

Degenne, A., Forse M. (1999). Introducing Social Networks. London, California, New Delhi: Sage Publications.

DIMINESCU, D. (1999): Pour une anthropologie des migrations roumaines en France. Le cas du Pays d’Oas, Migrations etudes sur Internet: Migrations Etudes, n.° 91, http://www.adri.asso.fr/me.

FAIST, Th., (1997): The Crucial Meso-Level, În Thomas Hammar, Grete Brochmann, Kristof Tamas, Thomas Faist (Eds.): International Migration, Immobility and Development. Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Oxford, New York: Berg

GRANOVETTER, M. (1976): The strength of weak ties, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 78, n.º 6.

GURAK, D. T.; CACES, F. (1992): Migration Networks and the Shaping of Migration Systems. În KRITZ, M.; LIM, L.; ZLOTNIK, H. (Eds.): International migration systems —a global approach, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

HAMMAR, Th., y TAMAS, K. (1997): «Why do people go or stay?» În Hammar, Th.; Brochmann, Gr.; TAMAS, Kr., FAIST, Th. (Eds.): International Migration, Immobility and Development. Multidisciplinary perspectives, Oxford, New York: Berg.

HUGO, Gr. J. (1981): Village-communities ties, village norms, and ethnic and social networks: a review of evidence from the Third World», in: GORDON, F. D.; ROBERT, W., GARDNER (Eds.): Migration Decision Making: MultidisciplinaryApproaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing countries, New York: Pergamon Press.

MASSEY, D.; ARANGO, J., HUGO, Gr., KOUAOUCI, A.; PELLEGRINO, A.; TAYLOR, E. J. (1993): Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal, Population and Development Review, vol. 19.

MASSEY, D.; ALARCON, R.; DURAND, J.; GONZALEZ, H. (1987): Return to Aztlan. The social process of international migration from Western Mexico, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

MASSEY, D.; ARANGO, J.; HUGO, G.; KOUAOUCI, A.; PELLEGRINO, A. T., y EDWARD, J. (1998): Worlds in Motion. Understanding International migration at the End of the Millennium, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

MASSEY, D.; ESPINNOSA, K. (1999): Undocumented Migration and the Quality and Quantity of Social Capital, in Ludger Pries (Ed.): Migration and Transnational Social Spaces, Ashgate Publishing Company, New York.

MASSEY, D., y ZENTENO, R. (1999): The Dynamics of Mass Migration, www.pnas.org

PORTES, A., y SENSENBRENNER, J. (1993): Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on Determinants of Economic Action, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 98, Issue 6.

SANDU, D. (2002): Migrat¸ia transnat¸ionala˘ a românilor din perspectiva unui recensa˘mânt comunitar, Sociologie Româneasca˘, 3-4/2000.

SERBAN, M., y GRIGORAS¸, V. (2002): Dogenii din Teleorman în t¸ara˘ s¸i în stra˘ina˘tate. Un studiu asupra migrat¸iei circulatorii în Spania, Sociologie Româneasca˘, nr. 2-2002.