Demographic and future supply working in Spain.

Abstract

The demographic situation in Spain is characterised by a very low birth rate: the lowest in Europe, a high life expectancy, the highest in the world and an immigration of foreign workers that was initiated in the 80s and that is increasing lately. The growing old of the population will increase in the future. Neither immigration nor the increase of birth rates will reverse this tendency. Therefore the ratio of dependence will be unavoidable. The creation of employment will be limited in the medium and the long term by a scarcity of employment, due to a foreseeable decrease of the population at a working age. In order to overcome this deficiency Spain cannot count on foreign immigration since this is not guaranteed in the future. Countries of origin are going through their own demographic transition, their population will also grow old in the long term while they attempt to improve their economic situation.