The Relational Ethics of Cultural Safety, Rights, and Desire: Reflections on Doing Community-Engaged Research with Migrant Families in Indonesia

Authors

  • Jessica Ball University of Victoria, School of Child and Youth Care
  • Harriot Beazley Human Geography, University of the Sunshine Coast

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i42.y2017.006

Keywords:

community engagement, cultural safety, relational ethics, rights-based research, transnational migrants

Abstract

A study of birth registration decision making by Indonesian parents involved in transnational migration is discussed with reference to the authors’ long-standing use of an approach centred on the relational ethics of cultural safety, rights, and desire in community-engaged research. Ethical dilemmas encountered in obtaining informed consent and conducting the research, resulting from social hierarchies, social protocols, and socio-emotional considerations, illustrated limited, often mismatched perspectives on consent, privacy, and protection on the parts of research gatekeepers in minority and majority contexts. The article discusses “in-the-moment” adaptations to planned data collection procedures. These adaptations were guided by relational ethics aimed at ensuring, not only meaningful data, but consent, authenticity, socioemotional and cultural safety, a legacy of good relations with village leaders, and beneficial outcomes for community members.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abebe, T. (2009): «Multiple methods, complex dilemmas: negotiating socioethical spaces in participatory research with disadvantaged children». Children’s Geographies, 7(4), pp. 451-465.

Abebe, T. and Bessell, S. (2014): «Advancing ethical research with children: critical reflections on ethical guidelines». Children’s Geographies, 12(1), pp. 126-133.

Ahsan, M. (2009): «The potential and challenges of rights-based research with children and young people: Experiences from Bangladesh». Children’s Geographies, 7(4), pp. 391-403.

Alderson, P. and Morrow, V. (2011): The ethics of research with children and young people: A practical handbook. London, England, SAGE.

Australia Indonesia Partnership for Justice. (2014): Indonesia’s missing millions: AIPJ baseline study on legal identity. Jakarta, Indonesia, DFAT, PEKKA and PUSKAPA UI.

Baldassar, L. and Merla, L. (2013): Transnational families, migration and the circulation of care: Understanding mobility and absence in family life. London, England, Routledge.

Ball, J. (2005): «Nothing about us without us»: Restorative research partnerships involving Indigenous children and communities in Canada». In A. Farrell (Ed.), Exploring ethical research with children, Maidenhead, England: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 81-96.

Ball, J. (2008): Creating cultural safety in health care for marginalized and migrant populations. Presentation to the British Columbia First Nations Health Authority, Vancouver, BC.

Ball, J. (2014): «On thin ice: Managing risks in community-university research partnerships». In C. Etmanski, T. Dawson, and B. Hall (Eds.), Learning and teaching community-based research: Linking pedagogy to practice. Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto Press. pp. 25-44.

Ball, J.; Butt, L. and Beazley, H. (2017): «Birth registration and protection for children of transnational labor migrants in Indonesia». Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 15(3), pp. 305-325.

Ball, J.; Butt, L., Beazley, H. and Fox, N. (2014): Advancing research on «stateless children»: Family decision making and birth registration among transnational migrants in the Asia-Pacific region. Working paper series on Migration and Mobility, Centre for Asia Pacific Initiatives, University of Victoria, Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/capi/assets/docs/working-paper/Butt_etal_Working_Paper_2.pdf

Ball, J. and Janyst, P. (2008): «Enacting research ethics in partnerships with Indigenous communities in Canada: «Do it in a good way.» Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 3(2), pp. 33-51.

Ball, J. and Peltier, S. (2011): Cultural safety, relevance and effectiveness of speech and language services to Indigenous young children. Compendium of Promising Practices in Aboriginal Maternal/Child Health. Ottawa, Canada, Canadian Paediatric Society/American Academy of Pediatrics.

Beazley, H. (2003): «The construction and protection of individual and collective identities by street children and youth in Indonesia». Children, Youth and Environments, 13(1), pp. 105-133.

Beazley, H. (2015): «Multiple identities, multiple realities: Children who migrate independently for work in Southeast Asia». Children’s Geographies, 13(3), pp. 296-309.

Beazley, H., Bessell, S., Ennew, J., and Waterson, R. (2009): «The right to be properly researched: Research with children in a messy, real world». Children’s Geographies, 7(4), pp. 365-378.

Beazley, H., Bessell, S., Ennew, J. and Waterson, R. (2011): «How are the human rights of children related to research methodology?» In A. Invernizzi and J. Williams (Eds.), The human rights of children: From visions to implementation (pp. 159-178). Oxford, England, Ashgate.

Bessell, S. (2015): «Rights-based research with children: Principles and practice». R. Evans, L. Holt, and T. Skelton (Eds.). Geographies of children and young people. Volume 2: Methodological approaches. (pp. 1-18). Springer.

Bessell, S., Beazley, H. and Waterson, R. (2017): «The methodology and ethics of rights-based research with children». In A. Invernizzi, M. Liebel, B. Milne, and R. Budde (Eds.) «Children out of place» and human rights (pp. 211-231), Vol. 15 of the series Children’s Well-being: Indicators and Research. Geneva, Switzerland, Springer International.

Bhabha, J. (Ed.), (2011): Children without a state: A global human rights challenge. London, England, MIT Press.

Bushin, N. (2007): «Interviewing with children in their homes: Putting ethical principles into practice and developing flexible techniques». Children’s Geographies, 5(3), pp. 235-251.

Butt, L., Ball, J. and Beazley, H. (2015): Transnational migrant families, child statelessness, and decision about birth registration: Implications for policy and practice in Indonesia. Occasional Paper Series on Migration and Mobility, Centre for Asia Pacific Initiatives, University of Victoria, Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/capi/assets/docs/mmp-reports/Transnation_Stateless_June 2015_v2.pdf

Ennew, J., Abebe, T., Bangyani, R., Karapituck, P., Kjorholt, A. T. and Noonsup, T. (2009): The right to be properly research: How to do rights-based, scientific research with children. A set of ten manuals for field researchers. Bangkok, Thailand, Black on White Publications, Norwegian Center for Child Research, and World Vision International.

Fisher, C. B. (2000): «Relational ethics in psychological research: One feminist’s journey». In M. Brabeck (Ed.), Practicing feminist ethics in psychology. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, pp. 125-142.

Gasper, D. (1996): «Culture and development ethics: Needs, women and western theories». Development and Change, 27, pp. 627-661.

Government of Canada. (2014): Tri-council policy statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans. Retrieved from: http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/tcps2-eptc2/Default/

Graham, E., Jordan, L. P., Yeoh, B. S. A., Lam, T., Asis, M., and Su-Kamdi. (2012): Transnational families and the family nexus: Perspectives of Indonesian and Filipino children left behind by migrant parents. Environment and Planning A, 44(4), pp. 793-815. doi: 10.1068/a4445

Hammersley, M. (2009): «Against the ethicists: On the evils of ethicism». International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 12(3), pp. 211-225.

Hugo, G. (2008): «Migration in Indonesia: Recent trends and implications». In P. Graham (Ed.), Horizons of home: Nation, gender, and migrancy in island Southeast Asia. Clayton, Monash Asia Institute, pp. 45-70.

Hugo, G. and Ukwatta, S. (2010): «Sri Lankan female domestic workers overseas: The impact on their children». Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 19(2), pp. 237-263.

International Labour Organisation (2013): Better protecting Indonesian migrant workers through bilateral and multilateral agreements. Retrieved from: http://www.ilo.org/jakarta/info/public/pr/WCMS_212738/lang–-en/index.htm

Kitchener, K. S. (2000): Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum.

Lindquist, J. (2010): «Labour recruitment, circuits of capital and gendered mobility: Reconceptualizing the Indonesian migration industry». Pacific Affairs, 83(1), pp.115-132.

Lindquist, J., Xiang, B. and Yeoh, B. S. A. (2012): «Opening the black box of migration: Brokers, the organization of transnational mobility and the changing political economy in Asia». Pacific Affairs, 85 (1), pp. 7-19.

Lubis, S. (2014): The well-being of children left by their mothers who become migrant workers: Study case in two districts in Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia, SMERU Research Institute.

Lutz, H. and Palenga-Mollenbeck, E. (2012): «Care workers, care drain, and care chains: Reflections on care, migration, and citizenship». Social Policy, 19(1), pp. 15-37.

Papps, E. and Ramsden, I. (1996): «Cultural safety in nursing: The New Zealand experience». Journal for Quality in Health Care, 8(5), pp. 491-497.

Ruiz-Casares, M. and Thompson, J. (2016): «Obtaining meaningful informed consent: Preliminary results of a study to develop visual informed consent forms with children». Children’s Geographies, 14(1), pp. 35-45.

Sippola, L. (2006): «Ivory tower ethics: Potential conflict between community organizations and agents of the Tri-Council». In B. Leadbeater, E. Banister, C. Benoit, M. Jansson, A. Marshall, and T. Riecken (Eds.), Ethical issues in community-based research with children Toronto, Canada, University of Toronto Press. pp. 111-135.

Smye, V. and Browne, A. (2002): Cultural safety and the analysis of health policy affecting Aboriginal people. Nurse Researcher, 9(3), pp. 42-56.

Stark, O. (1991): The migration of labor. Cambridge, England, Basil Blackwell.

Swadener, B. B. and Mutua, K. (2007): «Decolonizing research in crosscultural contexts». In J. A. Hatch (Ed.), Early childhood qualitative research New York, NY, Taylor and Francis, pp. 185-205.

Swadener, B. B. and Polakow, V. (2011): «Introduction to the special issue on children’s rights and voices in research: Cross-national perspectives». Early Education and Development, 22(5), pp. 707-713.

Tuck, E. and Fine, M. (2007): «Inner angles: A range of ethical responses to/with Indigenous and decolonizing theories». In N. Denzin and M. Giardina (Eds.), Ethical futures in qualitative research: Decolonizing the politics of knowledge Walnut Creek, CA, Left Coast Press, pp. 45-168.

Tuck, E. (2009): «Suspending damage: A letter to communities». Harvard Educational Review, 79(3), pp. 409-427.

Twum-Danso, A. (2009): «Situating participatory methodologies in context: The impact of culture on adult-child interactions in research and other projects». Children’s Geographies, 7(4), pp. 379-389.

Unicef. (2013): Every child’s birth right: Inequities and trends in birth registration. New York, NY, Author.

United Nations General Assembly. (1989): Convention on the rights of the child. New York, NY, Author.

Van Wass, L. (2007): «The children of irregular migrants: A stateless generation?». Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 25(3), pp. 437-458.

Williams, F. (2010): «Migrant and care: Themes, concepts and challenges». Social Policy and Society, 9(3), pp. 385-396.

World Bank. (2013): Bilateral migration and remittances. Retrieved from: http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,contentMDK:22803131~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:476883,00.html

Downloads

Published

2017-11-27

How to Cite

Ball, J., & Beazley, H. (2017). The Relational Ethics of Cultural Safety, Rights, and Desire: Reflections on Doing Community-Engaged Research with Migrant Families in Indonesia. Migraciones. Publicación Del Instituto Universitario De Estudios Sobre Migraciones, (42), 119–147. https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i42.y2017.006