Science, Philosophy, Religion

Authors

  • Fernando Tola Fundación Instituto De Estudios Budistas-Conicet (Buenos Aires)
  • Carmen Dragonetti Fundación Instituto De Estudios Budistas-Conicet (Buenos Aires)

Keywords:

buddhism, buddhist cosmology, philosophy, religion, epistemology, ethics and truth

Abstract

The conception that Buddhism has of the world could be considered as the Buddhist Philosophy of Nature. This buddhist conception of the world is one of the principal links of Buddhism with science. Buddhism has a dynamic conception of reality. This manifests itself in the peculiar doctrine of the dharmas. Dharmas are the elements, the constituent factors of all that exists. Man is a conglomarate of series of dharmas. The end of desire is the suppresion of existence under the form of reincarnation. This state is called Nirvana. Nirvana is an Absolute. It does not belong to our empirical reality, it is something completely different from all that exists in this reality, it is transcendent and heterogeneous, beyond words and reason. The buddhist methodology for directing the mind is pointing out freedom of thought and personal effort to attain truth. This buddhist rule enjoins an attitude based on freedom of thought. One should not adhere to an opinion by authority; it is necessary to think by oneself on any matter to reach one’s own conclusions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. G. S. K., «Bodhisattva», in G. P. MALALASEKERA (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, Published by the Government of Ceylon, 1972, Vol. III, Fascicle 2, pp. 224-233.

ANESAKI, M., «Ethics and Morality (Buddhist)», in J. HASTINGS (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1964 ff., Vol. V, pp. 447-455.

Anguttara Nika¯ya, PTS edition.

A ¯RYADEVA, Catuh. s´ataka, K. Lang edition, Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1986.

A ¯ryapratı¯tyasamutpa¯dana¯ma¯maha¯ ya¯nasu¯ tra, in N. Aiyaswami Sastri’s edition of S ´ a¯ listamba Su¯tra, Adyar Library, 1950.

AS´VAGHOS. A, Saundara¯nanda, E. H. Johnston edition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975.

BHARTR.HARI, Va¯ kyapadı¯ya I, K. A. Subramania Iyer edition, Poona: Deccan College, 1966.

BHARTR.HARI, Va¯ kyapadı¯ya II, K. A. Subramania Iyer edition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

BHIKKHU PA¯ SA¯ DIKA, «Early Maha¯ya¯na Lay Ethics in Na¯ga¯rjuna», in The Tibet Journal, Delhi, Vol. XXI, Nº 1, 1996, pp. 3-18.

Buddhacarita, E. H. Johnston edition, Calcutta, 1935.

BUDDHAGHOSA, Visuddhimagga, Harvard Oriental Series edition.

Buddhavam. sa, PTS edition.

Das´abhu¯mikasu¯ tra = Das´abhu¯mı¯s´varo na¯ma¯ Maha¯ya¯nasu¯tram. , Kyoto: Rinsen Book CO., 1983.

DAYAL, HAR, The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975.

DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, L., L’Abhidharmakos´a de Vasubandhu, Bruxelles: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1971.

DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, L., «Bodhisattva», in J. HASTINGS (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. II, pp. 739-753.

DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, L., La morale bouddhique, Paris: Nouvelle Librairie Nationale, 1927.

Dhammapada, PTS edition.

HARVEY, PETER, El budismo, Madrid: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Ja¯ takas. Vidas anteriores de Buda, Florham, New Jersey, USA: Primordia, 2003.

Lalitavistara, S. Lefmann edition.

LAMOTTE, É., Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, Des origines à l’Ère S´ aka, Louvain: Institut Orientaliste, 1958.

Li shih a p’i t’an lun (Lokaprajña¯ptyabhidharmas´a¯ stra), in Taisho¯, Vol. XXXII, 1644.

Lotus Su¯tra, see Saddharmapun.d. arı¯kasu¯tra, and for the Spanish translation, Tola, F., and Dragonetti, C.

Maha¯vastu Avada¯na, É. Senart edition (as reproduced in R. Basak ed., Calcutta: Sanskrit College, 1963).

Majjhima Nika¯ya, PTS edition.

Maha¯ niddesa, PTS edition.

Maha¯ vagga, PTS edition.

Milindapañho, R. D. Vadekar edition, Bombay: University of Bombay, 1940.

NA¯GA¯RJUNA, Madhyamakas´a¯stra, L. de la Vallée Poussin edition, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1970.

OLDENBERG, H., Buddha, Sein Leben, Seine Lehre, Seine Gemeinde, Herausgegeben von Helmuth von Glasenapp, München: Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag, 1961.

OLTRAMARE, P., L’Histoire des Idées théosophiques dans l’Inde, La Théosophie Bouddhique, Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1923.

PTS edition = Pali Text Society, London, edition.

Pratı¯ tyasamtpa¯dahr.dayaka¯ rika¯ , «Stanzas on the Essence of Dependent Origination», in Tola, F., and Dragonetti, C. Pratı¯tyasamtpa¯ dahr.dayaka¯ rika¯ , in V. V. GOKHALE, «Der Sanskrit-Text von Na¯ga¯rjuna’s Pratı¯tyasamtpa¯dahr.dayaka¯ rika¯», in Bonner Orientalische Studien 3, 1955, pp. 101-106.

SADAKATA, AKIRA, Buddhist Cosmology. Philosophy and Origins, Tokyo: Ko¯sei Publishing CO., 1997.

Saddharmapun.d.arı¯kasu¯tra, H. Kern and Bunyiu Nanjio edition, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1970. For the Spanish translation see Tola, F., and Dragonetti, C. SADDHATISSA, H., Buddhist Ethics, Essence of Buddhism, London: Georg Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1970.

S ´a¯ listamba Su¯tra, N. Aiyaswami Sastri edition, Adyar Library, 1950. For the Spanish translation see Tola, F., and Dragonetti, C. S ´a¯ listambasu¯tra, in L. de la Vallée Poussin, Théorie des douze causes, Gand, 1913.

Sam. yukta¯gama, see Fünfundzwanzig Su¯tras des Nida¯nasam. yukta, C. Tripathi edition, Berlin, 1962.

Sde-dge edition: Sde Dge Tibetan Tripi6aka Bstan H. gyur, Delhi: Karmapae Choedhey, Gyalwae Sungrab Partun Khang, 1985.

SHASTRI, D. N., The Philosophy of Nya¯ ya-Vais´es. ika and its Conflict with the Buddhist Digna¯ga School, Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1976.

Sam. yutta Nika¯ya, PTS edition.

SINHA, JADUNATH, Indian Realism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1972.

STCHERBATSKY, TH., The Central Conception of Buddhism and the Meaning of the Word «Dharma», London: 1923. Reprint: Calcutta, 1961.

Sukha¯ vatı¯vyu¯hasu¯ tra, in Buddhist Texts from Japan, F. Max Müller and B. Nanjio, Oxford, 1883.

Ta chih tu lun (Maha¯prajña¯pa¯ramita¯s´a¯stra), in Taisho¯, Vol. XXV, 1509.

Taisho¯ = The Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo (The Tripit.aka in Chinese), J. Takakusu and K. Watanabe edd.

TOLA, F., «Tres concepciones del hombre en la Filosofía de la India», in revista Pensamiento, Vol. 42, Madrid, 1986, pp. 29-46.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «La doctrina de los dharmas en el Budismo», in Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas XIII, 1977, pp.105-132 (= Yoga y Mística de la India, Buenos Aires: Kier, 1978, pp. 91-128).

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Yoga y Mística de la India, Buenos Aires: Kier, 1978.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., El Budismo Maha¯ya¯na. Estudios y Textos, Buenos Aires: Kier, 1980.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «Ana¯divta or Beginninlessness in Indian Philosophy», in Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1980, pp. 1-20. Spanish version in F. TOLA and C. DRAGONETTI, Filosofía y Literatura de la India, Buenos Aires: Editorial Kier, 1983, pp. 33-58.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Filosofía y Literatura de la India, Buenos Aires: Kier, 1983.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «A ¯ ryabhavasam. kra¯ntina¯mamaha¯ya¯nasu¯ tra, The Noble Su¯tra on the Passage through Existences», in Buddhist Studies Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986, pp. 3-18 (English translation from the Tibetan translation); Spanish version in F. Tola y C. Dragonetti, El Budismo Maha¯ya¯na. Estudios y Textos, pp. 19-36.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., El Idealismo Budista. La doctrina de «solo-la-mente», México: Premiá, 1989.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «La estructura de la mente según la escuela idealista budista (Yoga¯ca¯ ra)», in Pensamiento, No. 182, Vol. 46, Madrid, 1990, pp. 129-147.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Nihilismo Budista. La doctrina de la Vaciedad, México: Premiá Editores, 1990.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., The Avayavı¯nira¯karan. a of Pan.d.ita As´oka, Sanskrit Text edited with an annotated English Translation, Tokyo: The International Intitute for Buddhist Studies, 1994.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «Estrofas acerca de la Esencia del Surgimiento Condicionado (Pratı¯tyasamtpa¯dahr.dayaka¯ rika¯ ) atribuido a Na¯ga¯rjuna», in Revista de Estudios Budistas, México-Buenos Aires, No. 12, Octubre 1996, pp. 54-63.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., El Su¯tra del Loto de la Verdadera Doctrina, México: El Colegio de México, 1999.

Spanish translation from the Sanskrit text of the Saddharmapun.d.arı¯kasu¯tra.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «El Budismo frente a la justificación de la violencia en la India Antigua», in Pensamiento (Madrid), Vol. 55, No. 211, 1999, pp. 105-126.

TOLA, F.; DRAGONETTI, C., and DZAU DZAN, M., Wu liang I ching, El Su¯tra de los infinitos significados (translated from Chinese), Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer, 2000.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., On Voidness, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2nd edition, 2002.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., S ´ a¯listambasu¯ tra in Cinco Su¯tras del Maha¯ya¯na, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA: Primordia, 2002.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Cinco Su¯tras del Maha¯ya¯na, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA: Primordia, 2002.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Being as Consciousness. Yoga¯ca¯ra Philosophy of Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2004.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Budismo. Unidad y Diversidad, Carmel, NY, USA: The Buddhist Association of the United States, 2004.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Dhammapada. La Esencia de la Sabiduría Budista, Florham, New Jersey, USA: Primordia, 2004 (8th edition, revised and augmented).

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., On the Myth of the Opposition between Indian Thought and Western Philosophy, Hildesheim: Olms Verlag, 2004.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Dı¯gha Nika¯ya, Diálogos Mayores de Buda, Carmel, NY, USA: Buddhist Association of the United States, 2005.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., Uda¯ na. La palabra de Buda, traducción del pa¯li, introducción y notas, Madrid, Editorial Trotta, 2006.

TOLA, F., and DRAGONETTI, C., «Philosophy of mind in the Yogacara Buddhist idealistic school», in History of Psychiatry, Vol. 16, Issue 4, Number 64, Cambridge, December 2006, pp. 453-465.

Uda¯na, PTS edition. For the Spanish translation see Tola, F., and Dragonetti, C.

VASUBANDHU, Abhidharmakos´a, Bauddha Bharati Series edition.

VON GLASENAPP, H., «Zur Geschichte der buddhistischen Dharma-Theorie», in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1938, pp. 385-420 (= Von Buddha zu Gandhi, Wiesbaden, 1962, pp. 47-80).

VON GLASENAPP, H., Buddhismus und Gottesidee, Wiesbaden: Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur im Mainz, 1954.

WALPOLA RAHULA, What the Buddha taught, London: The Gordon Frazer Gallery Ltd., 1978.

Downloads

How to Cite

Tola, F., & Dragonetti, C. (2015). Science, Philosophy, Religion. Pensamiento. Revista De Investigación E Información Filosófica, 63(238 S.Esp), 713–742. Retrieved from https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/pensamiento/article/view/4558

Issue

Vol. 63 No. 238 S.Esp (2007): SERIE ESPECIAL N.º 1

Section

Artículos

License

The publishing Universidad Pontificia Comillas retain the copyright of articles published in Pensamiento. Reuse of content is allowed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivates 3.0 Unported. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages, repositories, etc.) respecting the conditions of this license and quoting appropriately the original source.

Licencia Creative Commons