Madhva (1198-1278). Pluralism, realism and theism in indian philosophy
Keywords:
Madhva, realism, eternity, pluralism, God, souls, matter, predestination, knowledge, devotionAbstract
After some remarks on the Veda¯ nta philosophical school, the context of Madhva’s thought, the article develops Madhva’s Pluralism and Realism. His pluralism is based on the notions of «difference» and «own nature», and considers God, souls and matter as real and eternal entities, essentially different from one another. The article offers Sanskrit and Spanish translations of a small treatise of Madhva, which provides a schematic but clear exposition of Madhva’s ontology. Three themes are highlighted: the unicity of God (Vishn. u), the absolute power of God and predestination. The article presents other texts of Madhva, which describe Vishn. u’s nature and His supreme qualities. Finally the article deals with Madhva’s predestination doctrine. Some of his texts maintain a despotic-fatalistic conception of predestination; and others, that modify the previous ones present a conception inspired by the idea of God’s Justice and Goodness. The article ends with some remarks on knowledge and devotion as a means to reach God.
Downloads
References
a) Edición crítica de las obras de Madhva Sarvamu¯lagrantha¯h. , Collected Works of S´ rı¯ Madhwa¯carya, Edited critically with an Introduction, explanatory Notes and Appendices by Dr. Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya, Bangalore: S´ rı¯ Vya¯samadhwa Sêva¯ Pratis.t.ha¯na (Regd.), 1999. En 7 volúmenes.
b) Traducciones
SUBBA RAO, S., Veda¯nta-su¯tras with the Commentary of S¡´rı¯ Madhwa¯ca¯rya, Madras, 1904. Texto sánscrito y traducción al inglés.
The Bhagavad Gita, translation and commentaries in English according to Sri Madhwacharya’s bhasya, Madras, 1906.
Chandra Vasu, volúmenes I, III, XIV y XXX de la serie Sacred Books of the Hindous, Allahabad. Traducción al inglés de los comentarios de Madhva a las Upanishads: Is´a, Kena, Kat.ha, Pras´na, Mun.d.aka (1909), Cha¯ndogya (1909), Br.hada¯ran.yaka (1916), Aitareya y Taittirı¯ya (s.d.).
SIAUVE, S., La voie vers la connaissance de Dieu, Pondichéry: Institut Français d’Indologie, 1957. Traducción al francés del comentario del Anuvya¯khya¯na por Ra¯ma¯nuja relativo al primer su¯ tra de Ba¯dara¯yan.a. Contiene el texto sánscrito y un detallado comentario.
SIAUVE, S., Les noms védiques de Vis.n.u, Pondichéry: Institut Français d’Indologie, 1959. Traducción al francés del comentario del Anuvya¯khya¯na por Ra¯ma¯ nuja relativo a varios su¯ tras del primer capítulo de Ba¯dara¯yan.a. Contiene el texto sánscrito.
VON GLASENAPP, H., «Lehrsätze des dualistischen Veda¯nta» (Madhvas Tattvasam. khya¯na), en Von Buddha zu Gandhi, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1962, pp. 187-192. Traducción al alemán del mencionado tratado. Contiene el texto sánscrito.
MESQUITA, R., Madhva, Vis.n.utattvanirn. aya, Wien: The De Nobili Research Foundation, 2000. Traducción al alemán anotada del mencionado tratado.
c) Estudios
GRIERSON, G. A., «Ma¯dhvas, Madhva¯cha¯ ris», en J. HASTINGS (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, vol. VIII, pp. 232-255.
RAO, N., «The Epistemology of Dvaita Veda¯ nta», en The Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. XXII, Parts 3-4 (Madras) December, 1958.
SHARMA, B. N. K., Philosophy of S´ rı¯ Madhva¯ca¯rya, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1991.
SHARMA, B. N. K., History of the Dvaita School of Veda¯nta, vol. I, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1961, 2.ª ed., 1981; y vol. II, Bombay: Booksellers Publishing Co., 1961.
SHARMA, B. N. K., The Brahmasu¯tras and their Principal Commentaries (A Critical Exposition), Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1971 y ss. Expone críticamente los comentarios de Shan.kara, Ra¯ma¯nuja y Madhva de los aforismos de Ba¯dara¯yan.a.
SIAUVE, S., La doctrine de Madhva, Pondichéry: Institut Français d’Indologie, 1968.
VON GLASENAPP, H., Madhva’s Philosophie des Vishnu Glaubens, Bonn-Leipzig: Schröder, 1923.
d) Exposiciones antiguas (Doxografía)
STAFFORD BETTY, L., Va¯dira¯ ja’s Refutation of S´an.kara’s Non-Dualism. Clearing the Way for Theism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978. Traducción inglesa del primer capítulo del tratado Nya¯yaratna¯valı¯ de Va¯dira¯ ja. Contiene el texto sánscrito.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The publishing Universidad Pontificia Comillas retain the copyright of articles published in Pensamiento. Reuse of content is allowed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivates 3.0 Unported. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages, repositories, etc.) respecting the conditions of this license and quoting appropriately the original source.
