The Biologic Evolution in Epistemology of F. J. Ayala

Abstract

Ayala’s reasoning on evolution is based on this three questions: 1) The historical fact of evolution; 2) the evolution history and 3) the mechanisms of evolutionary developments and changes. The determinant and correct fact, it ist, the evidence of relation between lives organims due to the origin from a common ancestor with modifications as been demonstrated by a plentiful arguments supported by the Paleontology, Anatomy, Biogeografy, Molecular Genetic, Bioinformatic and other biologics disciplines.The concurrence of arguments lead to the conclusion: the fact of evolution has the same grade of certainty that historical and scientific facts speciously confirmed. According Ayala, in all cultures there different stories on explanation about origin of world, living organims and man. After the publication by C. Darwin of Origin of Species (1859), controversies appeared in cultural and religious melieus. Finally, the Darwinism was accepted in the form of Neo-Darwinism and Synthetic Theory. Other question is the study of the different theories wich explain the mechanisms of evolution; the presence of deep gaps and deficiencies in the evolutionary trees resulted in the appearance of alternative theories. However, the modern Darwinism constitutes one significant step in the reconstruction of the complex process of live development across millions of years, turning reasonable causal explanation without commiting any outrage againts religious believes.