Mariama on the Move. Migration Capital and Second Generations in Spanish Youth Emigration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i43.y2017.007Keywords:
transnational mobility, educational opportunities, youth of black African origin, emigrationAbstract
Media representations of Spanish young adults leading a new emigration wave towards Europe in the last years usually picture by default a homogeneous group that does not match with the real flow. This paper contributes to make visible the diverse composition of Spanish youth who migrate abroad in the context of the economic crisis and their specific strategies based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the area of Barcelona. The analysis focuses on the case study of Mariama, the daughter of a West African family who migrated to Europe, and her community and emancipation mobility. Her trajectory and experiences show how migration capital is built and used to produce the emergence of a ‘new’ mobility project, while she joins that share of young Spaniards who have been forced to build their future in other European countries.
Downloads
References
Abajo, Eugenio y Silvia Carrasco. 2004. Experiencias y trayectorias de éxito escolar de gitanas y gitanos en España. Madrid: CIDE- Instituto de la Mujer.
Ajrouch, Kristine J. 2004. “Gender, Race and Symbolic Boundaries: Contested Spaces of Identity among Arab American Adolescents.” Sociological Perspectives 47 (4): 371–91.
Alba, Richard. 2005. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany and the United States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1): 20–49.
Anthias, Floya. 2007. “Ethnic Ties: Social Capital and the Question of Mobilisability.” Sociological Review 55 (4): 788–805.
Archer-Banks, Diane and Linda Behar-Horenstein. 2011. “Ogbu Revisited: Unpacking High-achieving African American Girls’ High School Experiences.” Urban Education 47 (1): 198–223.
Bertran, Marta, Maribel Ponferrada and Jordi Pàmies. 2016. “Gender, Family Negotiations and Academic Success of Young Moroccan Women in Spain.” Race, Ethnicity and Education 18 (1): 1–21.
Bledsoe, Caroline and Papa Sow. 2007. “High Fertility Gambians in Low Fertility Spain: The Dynamics of Child Accumulation across Transnational Space.” Demographic Research 16 (12): 375–412.
Bledsoe, Caroline and Papa Sow. 2011. “Back to Africa: Second Chances for the Children of West African Immigrants.” Journal of Marriage and Family 73 (4): 747–62.
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. Racism Withouth Racists. Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Second ed. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
Carrasco, Sílvia y Laia Narciso.2015. “Migración, movilidad y experiencia escolar. Jóvenes con trayectorias de movilidad en un sistema normalizador de la inmovilidad. “ VIII Congreso sobre Migraciones Internacionales en España, Granada.
Cuban, Sondra. 2013. Deskilling Migrant Women in the Global Care Industry. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
De Haas, Hein. 2014. "Migration Theory: Quo Vadis?" IMI Working Paper Series, 100. Oxford: International Migration Institute.
Domingo, Andreu y Armand Blanes. 2016. “La nueva emigración española : ¿una generación perdida?” Panorama Social nº 23. Primer semestre: 157–78.
Domingo, Andreu, A. Sabate y E. Ortega. 2014. “¿Migración neohispánica? El impacto de la crisis económica en la emigración española.” EMPIRIA. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales nº 29, septiembre-diciembre: 39–66.
Farjas, Anna. 2002. “La escolarización en Gambia” Revista española de educación comparada 8: 227–59.
Gabrielli, Lorenzo. 2010. Los procesos de socialización de los hijos e hijas de familias senegalesas y gambianas en Cataluña. Barcelona: Fundació Jaume Bofill.
Glick Schiller, Nina and Noel B. Salazar. 2013. “Regimes of Mobility across the Globe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration 39 (2): 183–200.
Goldberg, Alejandro. 2010. “Hijos de familias migrantes senegalesas residentes en Cataluña: un abordaje antropológico alrededor de sus procesos de socialización.” AIBR, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana Vol. 5, Nº 2, 319-356.
Gutekunst, Miriam et al. (eds.). 2016. Bounded Mobilities. Ethnographic Perspectives on Social Hierarchies and Global Inequalities. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag.
Jabardo, Mercedes. 2006. Senegaleses en España. Conexiones entre origen y destino. Documentos del Observatorio permanente de la inmigración, núm.11. Madrid: Secretaría General de Inmigración y Emigración.
Jiménez, Mercedes y Francesco Vacchiano. 2011. “De dependientes a protagonistas. Los menores como sujetos migratorios.”Pp.495-512 en El Río Bravo Mediterráneo: Las regiones fronterizas en la época de la globalización. Barcelona: Ed. Bellaterra.
Jiménez Sedano, Livia. 2012. "On the irrelevance of ethnicity in children’s organization of their social world". Childhood 19(3), 375-388.
Kandel, William and Douglas Massey. 2002. The culture of Mexican migration: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Social forces 80 (3) 981-1004.
Kaplan Marcusán, Adriana. 1998. De Senegambia a Cataluña: Procesos de aculturación e integración social. Barcelona: Fundació “La Caixa.”
López Cabezas, Joan Manuel. 2005. “Racismo y pensamiento moderno: el ejemplo de la invención de los camitas y los subsaharianos” Pp.55-63 en O racismo ontem e hoje. Estados, poderes e identidades na África Subsahariana, Actas do VII Colóquio Internacional Estados, Poderes e Identidades na África Subsariana, Centro de Estudos Africanos, Universidade do Porto.
Mac an Ghaill, Máirtín. 1994. The Making of Men: Masculinities, Sexualities and Schooling. Buckingham ; Philadelphia : Open University Press.
Masdeu, Irene y Amelia Saiz. 2017. "Género, movilidad e intersecciones generacionales en el espacio transnacional chino", Revista Española de Sociología 26 (3) (2017), 385-397.
Merla, Laura. 2014. “La circulación de cuidados en las familias transnacionales” Revista CIDOB d'afers Internacionals 106-107, 85–104.
Mirza, Heidi Safia. 2008. Race, Gender and Educational Desire: Why Black Women Succeed and Fail. London and New York: Routledge.
Narciso, Laia. 2010. "Anàlisi de la producció científica sobre la immigració negroafricana a Espanya i Catalunya" Quaderns-e 15 (2), 76-95.
Naples, Nancy. 2003. Feminism and Method: Ethnography, Discourse Analysis and Activist Research.New York and London: Routledge.
Nowicka, Magdalena. 2015. "Habitus: Its transformation and transfer through cultural encounters in migration" Pp.93-110 in Bourdieu, Habitus and Social Research. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Nyíri, Pal. 2014. “Training for Transnationalism: Chinese Children in Hungary.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37 (7): 1253–1263.
Ogbu, John. 1981. “School Ethnography: A Multilevel Approach.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 12 (1): 3–29.
Phoenix, Ann. 2009. “De-Colonising Practices : Negotiating Narratives from Racialised and Gendered Experiences of Education.” Race Ethnicity and Education 44 (March): 1–22.
Poeze, Miranda, Ernestina K. Dankyi and Valentina Mazzucato. 2017. “Navigating Transnational Childcare Relationships: Migrant Parents and their Children’s Caregivers in the Origin Country.” Global Networks 17 (1): 111–29.
Ponferrada, Maribel. 2008. “Exitos dificiles y fracasos invisibles: aspiraciones y trayectorias de jóvenes de clase trabajadora y de origen inmigrante en la periferia de Barcelona.” X Coloquio Internacinal de Geocritica, 1–13.
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone : The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
Riessman, Catherin K. 2008. Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. CA, USA: SAGE Publications.
Santos, Antonio. 2013. “Fuga de cerebros y crisis en España: los jóvenes en el punto de mira de los discursos empresariales.” Areas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 32: 125–37.
Sow, Papa. 2007. “Diásporas africanas y mundialización: de la representación histórica a la toma de conciencia.” Pp.135-52 en África En Diáspora: movimientos de población y políticas estatales. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
Suárez-Orozco, Carola and Marcelo Suárez-Orozco. 2003. La Infancia de La Inmigración. Madrid: Ediciones Morata.
Wall, K. and C. Bolzman. 2013. “Mapping the New Plurality of Transnational Families. A life course perspective” Pp. 68-96 in Transnational families, migration and the circulation of care. Understanding mobility and absence in family life. New York: Routledge.
Waters, M., P.K. Van C. Tran and J. H. Mollenkopf. 2010. “Segmented Assimilation Revisited: Types of Acculturation and Socioeconomic Mobility in Young Adulthood.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33 (7): 1168–93.
Weenink, Don. 2008. “Cosmopolitanism as a Form of Capital: Parents Preparing Their Children for a Globalizing World.” Sociology 42 (6): 1089–1106.
Wimmer, Andreas and Nina Glick Schiller. 2003. “Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences and the Study of Migration: An Essay in Historical Epistemology.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 576–610.
Yosso, Tara. 2005. “Whose Culture Has Capital? A Critical Race Theory Discussion of Community Cultural Wealth.” Race Ethnicity and Education 8 (1): 69–91.
Zhou, Min. 2005. “Ethnicity as Social Capital: Community-Based Institutions and Embedded Networks of Social Relations.” Pp. 123-31 in Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy. Cambridge University Press.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors of articles published in Migraciones retain the intellectual property rights over their works and grant the journal their distribution and public communication rights, consenting to their publication under a Creative Commons NonCommercial-NoDerivatives-Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages, repositories, etc.) respecting the conditions of this license and quoting appropriately the original source.
