¡Levántate! ¡Ábrete! El idiolecto de Marcos a la luz de la sociolingüística

Alfredo Delgado Gómez

Autores/as

Alfredo Delgado Gómez Investigador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-8287

Palabras clave:

evangelio de Marcos, sociolingüística, alternancia de código, arameo, koiné

Resumen

Este artículo pretende acercarse a la problemática del idiolecto del evangelio de Marcos desde la sociolingüística, como medio para entender mejor a su autor y a la comunidad discursiva a la que se dirige y comprender así la acción social que quiere desarrollar su relato. Para ello se procederá presentando aquellos conceptos y definiciones que propone la sociolingüística y que afectan a la comprensión de las diferentes variedades del lenguaje. Posteriormente se aplicarán estas herramientas al evangelio de Marcos para analizar aspectos significativos de su idiolecto, especialmente aquellos que están relacionados con su uso del multilingüismo. Desde ese análisis se extraen algunas conclusiones que iluminan desde otro ángulo su idiolecto, así como las acciones sociales que pudo querer llevar a cabo su autor a través de las estrategias lingüísticas que se pueden reconocer desde el estudio de su idiolecto.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Achtemeier, Paul J. “The origin and function of the pre-Marcan miracle catenae”. JBL 91, no. 2 (1972): 198-221.

Achtemeier, Paul J. Mark. 2ª ed. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2004. Adams, James Noel. Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

Aichele, George. Jesus framed. London: Routledge, 1996.

Alkier, Stefan. “Geld im Neuen Testament: Der Beitrag der Numismatik zu einer Enzyklopädie des Frühen Christentums‘”. En Zeichen aus Text und Stein: Studien auf dem Weg zu einer Archäologie des Neuen Testaments, editado por Jürgen Zangenberg, 308-335. Tübingen: 2003.

Appel, René y Pieter Muysken. Bilingüismo y contacto de lenguas. Barcelona: Ariel, 1996.

Aristóteles. Retórica. Editado por Quintín Racionero. Biblioteca clásica Gredos 142. Madrid: Gredos, 1994.

Bagnall, Roger S. The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford: OUP, 2009.

Bar-Kochva, B. The Image of the Jews in Greek Literature: The Hellenistic Period. California: University of California Press, 2010.

Barclay, John M. G. Jews in the Mediterranean diaspora: from Alexander to Trajan (323 BCE - 117 CE). Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996.

Bauckham, Richard. Jesus and the eyewitnesses: the Gospels as eyewitness testimony. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006.

Baum, Armin Daniel. “The Anonymity of the New Testament History Books: A Stylistic Device in the Context of Greco-Roman and Ancient Near Eastern Literature”. Novum Testamentum 50, no. 2 (2008): 120-142.

Baum, Armin Daniel. “Mark’s Paratactic καί as a Secondary Syntactic Semitism”. Novum Testamentum 58, no. 1 (2016): 1-26.

Beard, Mary. La herencia viva de los clásicos: tradiciones, aventuras e innovaciones. Barcelona: Crítica, 2013.

Becker, Eve-Marie y Oda Wischmeyer. Mark and Paul Comparative Essays. Part II. For and Against Pauline Influence on Mark. BZNW 199. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014.

Bentein, Klaas. “The Greek of the Fathers”. En The Wiley Blackwell companion to patristics, editado por Kenneth Parry, 456-470. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.

Bentein, Klaas. Verbal periphrasis in ancient Greek: have –and be– constructions. Oxford: OUP, 2016.

Bentein, Klaas. Formen und Gattungen im Neuen Testament. Tübingen: Francke, 2005.

Biber, Douglas. Dimensions of register variation: a cross-linguistic comparison. Cambridge: CUP, 1995.

Binder, Vera. Sprachkontakt und Diglossie lateinische Wörter im Griechischen als Quellen für die lateinische Sprachgeschichte und das Vulgärlatein. Hamburg: Buske, 2000.

Black, David Alan. “New Testament Semitisms”. The Bible Translator 39, no. 2 (1988): 215-223.

Black, Matthew. An Aramaic approach to the Gospels and Acts. 2ª ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.

Blomqvist, Jerker. “Diglossifenomen i den hellenistiska grekiskan”. En Sproget i hellenismen, editado por Troels Engberg-Pedersen, Per Bilde, Lise Hannestad y Jan Zahle, 25-38. Aarhaus: Aarhaus University, 1995.

Bowman, Alan K., Revel A. Coles, Nikolaos Gonis, Dirk Obbink y Peter J. Parsons. Oxyrhynchus: a city and its texts. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 2007.

Broer, Ingo. “Der Kreuzestitulus (Mk 15,26 par)”. En Hermeneutik in Geschichte: Fallstudien, editado por Ingo Broer, 93-110. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014.

Brown, Raymond E. La muerte del Mesías: desde Getsemaní hasta el sepulcro. T. II, Comentarios a los relatos de la pasión de los cuatros evangelios. Estella: Verbo Divino, 2006.

Bubeník, Vít. Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a sociolinguistic area. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1989.

Bubeník, Vít. “Greek and Aramaic”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistic, editado por Georgios K. Giannakis. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Buckler, F. W. “Eli, Eli, Lama Sabachthani?”. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 55, no. 4 (1938): 378-391.

Bullock, Barbara E. y Almeida Jacqueline Toribio. “Themes in the study of code switching”. En Cambridge handbook of linguistic code-switching, editado por Barbara E. Bullock y Almeida Jacqueline Toribio, 1-17. Cambridge: CUP, 2009.

Bultmann, Rudolf Karl. Historia de la tradición sinóptica. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2000.

Burkett, Delbert Royce. Rethinking the Gospel sources: from proto-Mark to Mark. New York: T&T Clark, 2004.

Buth, Randall. “Distinguishing Hebrew from Aramaic in Semitized Greek Texts, with an Application for the Gospels and Pseudepigrapha”. En The Language Environment of First Century Judaea: Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels Volume Two. Editado por Randall Buth y Steven R. Notley, 247-320. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Buth, Randall. “The Riddle of Jesus’ Cry from the Cross: The Meaning of ηλι ηλι λαμα σαβαχθανι (Matthew 27:46) and the Literary Function of ελωι ελωι λειμα σαβαχθανι (Mark 15:34)”. En The Language Environment of First Century Judaea: Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels Volume Two. Editado por Randall Buth y Steven R. Notley, 395-422. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Byun, Seulgi L. The Influence of post-biblical Hebrew and Aramaic on the translator of Septuagint Isaiah. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament studies 641. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017.

Cadbury, Henry Joel. The Making of Luke-Acts. London: SCPK, 1958.

Campbell, Lyle. Historical linguistics: an introduction. 3ª ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013.

Carey, Holly J. Jesus’ cry from the cross: towards a first-century understanding of the intertextual relationship between Psalm 22 and the narrative of Mark’s Gospel. London: T&T Clark, 2009.

Casey, Maurice. Aramaic sources of Mark’s Gospel. Cambridge: CUP, 1998.

Cervenka-Ehrenstrasser, I. M. y J. Diethart. Lexikon der lateinischen Lehnwörter in den griechischsprachigen dokumentarischen Texten Ägyptens mit Berücksichtigung koptischer Quellen. Vienna: Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 1996.

Chilton, Bruce. “Abba”. En EBR, editado por Hans-Josef Klauck y Volker Leppin, vol. 1, 41-43. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2009.

Christidē s, A. Ph, M. Arapopoulou y Maria Chritē . A history of ancient Greek: from the beginnings to late antiquity. 2ª ed. Cambridge, UK: CUP, 2007.

Clackson, Sarah J. y Arietta Papaconstantinou. “Coptic or Greek? Bilingualism in the papyri”. En The multilingual experience in Egypt from the Ptolemies to the Abbasids, editado por Arietta Papaconstantinou, 73-100. Farnham: Ashgate, 2010.

Clermont-Ganneau, Ch. “Discovery of a Tablet from Herod’s Temple”. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement 3 (1871): 132-133.

Cohen, S. J. D. “Epigraphical Rabbis”. JQR 72 (1981-1982): 1-17.

Collins, Adela Yarbro. Mark: A commentary. Hermeneia 55. Grand Rapids, MI: Fortress Press, 2007.

Colvin, Stephen. A historical Greek reader: Mycenaean to the Koiné. Oxford: OUP, 2007.

Consani, Carlo. “Code-Mixing”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, editado por George Giannakis, vol. 1. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Cook, John Granger. The interpretation of the New Testament in Greco- Roman paganism. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000.

Cook, John Granger. Crucifixion in the Mediterranean world. WUNT 327. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.

Cortés Moreno, Maximiano. “Fenómenos originados por las lenguas en contacto: cambio de código, préstamo lingüístico, bilingüismo y diglosia”. Wenzao Journal 14 (2001): 295-312.

Cotton, Hannah M. “Greek”. En Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea scrolls, editado por Lawrence H. Schiffman y James C. VanderKam, 324-326. New York: OUP, 2000.

Cotton, Hannah M., ed. Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae Volume I: Jerusalem. Part 1: 1-704. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.

Crisóstomo, Juan. Homilías sobre el evangelio de San Mateo I. Madrid: BAC, 1955.

Danker, Frederick W. “Demonic secret in Mark: a reexamination of the cry of dereliction (15:34)”. ZNW 61, no. 1 (1970): 48-69.

Daris, Sergio. Il Lessico latino nel greco d’Egitto. Barcelona: Papyrologica Castroctaviana, 1971.

Davidson, Mary Catherine. “Code-switching and authority in late medieval England”. Neophilologus 87, no. 3 (2003): 473-486.

Davies, William David y Dale C. Allison. A critical and exegetical commentary on the Gospel according to Saint Matthew I. The International Critical Commentary on the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1988.

Decker, Rodney J. “The Use of (‘immediately’) in Mark”. JOMAT 1 (1997): 90-120.

Decker, Rodney J. “The Function of the Imperfect Tense in Mark’s Gospel”. En The language of the New Testament: context, history, and development, editado por Stanley E. Porter y Andrew W. Pitts, 347-364. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Decker, Rodney J. “Markan Idiolect in the Study of the Greek of the New Testament”. En The language of the New Testament: context, history, and development, editado por Stanley E. Porter y Andrew W. Pitts, 43-66. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Deissmann, Adolf. Licht vom Osten das Neue Testament und die neuentdeckten Texte der hellenistisch-römischen Welt. 2ª ed. Tü bingen: Mohr, 1909.

Dickey, Eleanor. “Latin influence on the Greek of documentary papyri: An analysis of its chronological distribution”. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 15 (2003): 249-257.

Dickey, Eleanor. “The Greek and Latin Languages in the Papyri”. En The Oxford handbook of papyrology, editado por Roger S. Bagnall, 149-169. Oxford: OUP, 2009.

Dickey, Eleanor. “Latin Loanwords in Greek: A Preliminary Analysis”. En Variation and Change in Greek and Latin, editado por Martti Leiwo, Hilla Hallaaho y Marja Vierros, 57-70. Helsinki: Finnish Institute at Athens, 2012.

Diehl, Judith A. “What is a ‘gospel’? recent studies in the gospel genre”. CBR 9, no. 2 (2011): 171-199.

Díez Macho, Alejandro. Biblia Polyglotta Matritensia. Series IV, Targum Palaestinense in Pentateuchum: additur Targum Pseudojonatan ejusque hispanica versio. L. 1, Genesis. Madrid: CISC, 1988.

Dihle, Albrecht. Greek and Latin literature of the Roman Empire: from Augustus to Justinian. London: Routledge, 1994.

Dimant, D. “The Qumran Aramaic Texts and the Qumran Community”. En Flores Florentino. Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Early Jewish Studies in Honour of Florentino García Martínez, editado por A. Hilhorst, E. Puech y E. Tigchelaar, JSJSup 122, 197-205. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

Dines, Jennifer M. y Michael A. Knibb. The Septuagint. London: T&T Clark, 2004.

Doering, Lutz. Ancient Jewish letters and the beginnings of Christian epistolography. WUNT 298. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012.

Donahue, John R. “Windows and mirrors: the setting of Mark’s Gospel”. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 57, no. 1 (1995): 1-26.

du Toit, David S. “Treasuring Memory: Narrative Christology in and beyond Mark’s Gospel: Miracle Traditions as Test Case”. Early Christianity 6, no. 3 (2015): 334-353.

Easterling, P. E. y Bernard Knox. The Cambridge history of classical literature. Vol. 1, Greek literature. Cambridge: CUP, 1985.

Eck, Werner. “The language of power: Latin in the inscriptions of Iudaea/Syria Palaestina”. En Semitic papyrology in context: a climate of creativity: papers from a New York University conference marking the retirement of Baruch A. Levine, editado por Lawrence H. Schiffman, 123-144. Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Eckardt, Regine. Meaning change in grammaticalization: an enquiry into semantic reanalysis. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

Eco, Umberto. Los límites de la interpretación. Barcelona: Lumen, 1992.

Ellingworth, Paul. “How soon is “immediately” in Mark?”. The Bible Translator 29, no. 4 (1978): 414-419.

Eusebio de Cesarea. Historia eclesiástica. Editado por Argimiro Velasco Delgado. 2 vols. Madrid: BAC, 1973.

Fanning, Buist M. Verbal aspect in New Testament Greek. Oxford: OUP, 1990.

Feldman, Louis H. Jew and Gentile in the ancient world: attitudes and interactions from Alexander to Justinian. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Ferguson, Charles A. “Diglossia”. Word 15, no. 2 (1959): 325-340.

Fernández Marcos, Natalio. “La religión judía vista por los autores griegos y latinos”. En Filología bíblica y humanismo, 173-194. Madrid: CSIC, 2012.

Field, Fredric W. Linguistic borrowing in bilingual contexts. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2002.

Filos, Panagiotis. “Latin Loanwords in Greek”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, editado por George Giannakis, vol. 2. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Filóstrato, Flavio. Vida de Apolonio de Tiana. Editado por Alberto Bernabé. Biblioteca clásica Gredos 18. Madrid: Gredos, 1979.

Finlayson, Rosalie y Sarah Slabbert. “‘I’ll meet you halfway with language?’: Code-switching within a South African urban context”. En Language choices. Conditions, constraints, and consequences, editado por Martin Pütz, 381-421. Amsterdam: John Benjamin, 1997.

Fischel, Henry Albert. “Rabbinical Knowledge of Greek and Latin Languages”. En Encyclopedia Judaica, vol. 8, 884-887. New York: Colliers-Macmillan, 2008.

Fishman, Joshua A. “Who speaks what language to whom and when?”. La linguistique 1, no. 2 (1965): 67-88.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “The Aramaic Qorbán Inscription from Jebel Ḫallet Eṭ-Ṭûri and Mark 7:11/Matt 15:5”. JBL 78, no. 1 (1959): 60-65.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. El Evangelio según Lucas II. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1987.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “Abba and Jesus’ relation to God”. En According to Paul: studies in the theology of the Apostle, editado por Joseph A. Fitzmyer, 47-63. New York: Paulist Press, 1993.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The Semitic background of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997.

Flavio Josefo. La guerra de los judíos. Editado por J. María Nieto Ibáñez. 2 vols. Biblioteca básica Gredos 78-79. Madrid: Gredos, 2001.

Flavio Josefo. Antigüedades judías. Editado por José Vara Donado. 2 vols. Madrid: Akal, 2002.

Flint, Peter W. The Dead Sea Psalms scrolls and the Book of Psalms. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Focant, Camille. Il Vangelo secondo Marco. Assisi: Cittadella, 2015.

Fontela, Carlos Alonso y Juan José Alarcón Sanz. “Las cartas arameas de Bar Kokba: texto, traducción y comentario”. Sefarad 66, no. 1 (2006): 23-54.

Foucault, Jules Albert de. Recherches sur la langue et le style de Polybe. Paris: Les Belles lettres, 1972.

Fowler, Robert M. Let the reader understand: reader-response criticism and the Gospel of Mark. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.

García Domingo, Enrique. Latinismos en la koine (en los documentos epigráficos desde el 212 a. J. C. hasta el 14 d. J. C.). Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1978.

Gardner-Chloros, Penelope. Code-switching. Cambridge: CUP, 2009.

Geiger, Gregor. “Syntaktische Aramaismen im Markusevangelium: Praesens historicum und καὶ εὐθύς”. Liber Annuus 64 (2014): 183-217.

Gignac, Francis. “Grammatical developments of Greek in Roman Egypt Significant for the New Testament”. En The language of the New Testament: context, history, and development, editado por Stanley E. Porter y Andrew W. Pitts, Linguistic Biblical Studies 6, 401-420. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Gnilka, Joachim. El evangelio según San Marcos I: Mc 1,1-8,26. 3ª ed. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1996.

Gnilka, Joachim. El evangelio según San Marcos II: Mc 8,27-16,20 Salamanca: Sígueme, 1997.

Gray, Timothy C. The Temple in the Gospel of Mark: A study in its narrative role. WUNT II 242. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.

Gregory, Caspar René. Einleitung in das Neue Testament. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1909.

Grosjean, F. “A Psycolinguistic Approach to Code-switching: The recognition of Guest Words by Bilinguals”. En One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching, editado por L. Milroy y P. Muysken, 259-275. Cambridge: CUP, 1995.

Gumperz, John J. Discourse strategies. Studies in interactional sociolinguistics 1. Cambridge: CUP, 1982.

Gundry, Robert Horton. Mark: a commentary on his apology for the cross. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1993.

Gzella, Holger. A cultural history of Aramaic: from the beginnings to the advent of Islam. HdO 111. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

Harjunpää, K. y A. Mäkilähde. “Reiteration: at the intersection of code-switching and translation”. Multilingua 35 (2016): 163-201.

Hartman, Lars. Mark for the nations: a text- and reader-oriented commentary. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2010.

Haspelmath, Martin. “Lexical borrowing: concepts and issues”. En Loanwords in the world’s languages: A comparative handbook, editado por Martin Haspelmath y Uri Tadmor, 35-54. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2009.

Head, Peter M. “The Gospel of Mark in Codex Sinaiticus: Textual and Reception-Historical Considerations”. TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 13 (2008): 1-38.

Heijmans, Shai. “A Remark on the Form of Greek Loanwords in the Targum”. Aramaic Studies 12, no. 1 (2014): 27-31.

Heine, B. y T. Kuteva. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: CUP, 2005.

Helen, Tapio. “The Non-Latin and Non-Greek Personal Names in the Roman Brick Stamps and Some Considerations on Semitic Influences on the Roman Cognomen System”. Arctos; Acta Philologica Fennica 15 (1981): 13-21.

Hengel, Martin. Seguimiento y carisma: la radicalidad de la llamada de Jesús. Santander: Sal Terrae, 1981.

Hengel, Martin. “Probleme des Markusevangeliums”. En Das Evangelium und die Evangelien: Vorträge vom Tübinger Symposium 1982, editado por Peter Stuhlmacher, WUNT 28, 221-265. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1983.

Hengel, Martin. “Entstehungszeit und Situation des Markusevangeliums”. En Markus- Philologie. Historische, literargeschichtliche und stilistische Untersuchungen zum zweiten Evangelium, editado por Hubert Cancik, WUNT 33, 1-45. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1984.

Hengel, Martin. Die vier Evangelien und das eine Evangelium von Jesus Christus. Studien zu ihrer Sammlung und Entstehung. 2ª ed. WUNT 224. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.

Hickey, Raymond. The handbook of language contact. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Higginbotham, James. “Languages and Idiolects: Their Language and Ours”. En The Oxford handbook of philosophy of language, editado por Ernest LePore y Barry C. Smith, 140-150. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

Hoerber, Robert G. “The Greek of the New Testament: Some Theological Implications”. Concordia Journal 2, no. 6 (Nov 1976): 251-256.

Holtzmann, Heinrich Julius. Die synoptischen Evangelien ihr Ursprung und geschichtlicher Charakter. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1863.

Horrocks, Geoffrey C. Greek: a history of the language and its speakers. 2ª ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Horton, Fred L. “Nochmals έφφαθά in Mk 7 34”. ZNW 77, no. 1-2 (1986): 101-108.

Hose, Martin y David J. Schenker. A companion to Greek literature. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.

Hurtado, Larry W. Destructor de los dioses: El cristianismo en el mundo antiguo. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2017.

Ilan, Ṭal, Thomas Ziem y Kerstin Hünefeld. Lexicon of Jewish names in late antiquity. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002.

Incigneri, Brian J. The Gospel to the Romans: the setting and rhetoric of Mark’s Gospel. Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Jannaris, Anthony Nicholas. An historical Greek grammar. London: Macmillan, 1897.

Janse, Mark. “Bilingualism, Diglossia and Literacy in First-Century Jewish Palestine”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, editado por George Giannakis, vol. 2, 238-241. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Janse, Mark. “Greek loanwords in Hebrew and Aramaic”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, editado por George Giannakis, vol 2, 122-123. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Jeremias, Joachim. Teología del Nuevo Testamento. Salamanca Sígueme, 1971.

Jeremias, Joachim. Abba El mensaje central del Nuevo Testamento. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1981.

Johnston, Harold Whetstone. Latin manuscripts: an elementary introduction to the use of critical editions for high schools and college classes. Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1897.

Joosten, Jan. “The Aramaic background of the seventy: language, culture and history”. Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies 43 (2010): 7-53.

Joosten, Jan. “Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek in the Qumran Scrolls”. En The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls, editado por J. Collins John y H. Lim Timothy, 351-374. Oxford OUP, 2010.

Joosten, Jan. “Varieties of Greek in the Septuagint and the New Testament”. En The New Cambridge History of the Bible. Volume I: From the Beginnings to 600, editado por J. Carleton Paget y J. Schaper, 22-45. Cambridge: CUP, 2013.

Krauss, Samuel. Griechische und lateinische Lehnwörter im Talmud, Midrasch und Targum mit Bemerkungen von Immanuel Löw; preisgekrönte Lösung der Lattes‘schen Preisfrage. Berlin: Calvary, 1899.

Krivoruchko, Julia G. “Greek Loanwords in Rabbinic Literature: Reflections on Current Research Methodology”. En Greek scripture and the Rabbis, editado por Timothy M. Law y Alison Salvesen, 193-216. Leuven: Peeters, 2012.

Land, Christopher. “Varieties of the Greek Language”. En The language of the New Testament: context, history, and development, editado por Stanley E. Porter y Andrew W. Pitts, 243-260. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Langslow, David. “The Language of Polybius since Foucalt and Dubuisson”. En Imperialism, cultural politics, and Polybius, editado por Peter Derow, Christopher John Smith y Liv Mariah Yarrow, 85-112. Oxford: OUP, 2012.

Leander, Hans. Discourses of empire the Gospel of Mark from a postcolonial perspective. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013.

Lee, J. A. L. “Some Features of the Speech of Jesus in Mark’s Gospel”. Novum Testamentum 27 no. 1 (1985): 1-26.

Lee, Sang-Il. Jesus and Gospel traditions in bilingual context: a study in the interdirectionality of language. BZNW 186. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.

Lepschy, Giulio C. La lingüistica estructural. Barcelona: Anagrama, 1971.

Lesky, Albin. Geschichte der griechischen Literatur. 3ª ed. München: Saur, 1999.

Lincicum, David. “Εφφαθα (Mark 7, 34): An Apocalyptic Trope?”. Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 91, no. 4 (2015): 649-653.

Lorenzetti, Luca. “Greek/Latin Bilingualism”. En Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, editado por George Giannakis, vol. 2. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Luciano de Samosata. “Alejandro o el falso profeta”. En Obras II, editado por José Luis Navaro, 392-426. Madrid: Gredos, 2009.

Luciano de Samosata. “El psuedosofista o el solecista”. En Obras I, editado por Andrés Espinosa Alarcón y José Luis Navarro González, Biblioteca Gredos 137, 274-289. Barcelona: RBA, 2009.

Maloney, Elliott C. Semitic interference in Marcan syntax. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1981.

Marcus, Joel. El Evangelio según Marcos I. 1-8. Nueva traducción con introducción y comentario. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2010.

Marcus, Joel. El Evangelio según Marcos II. 9-16. Nueva traducción con introducción y comentario. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2011.

Matras, Yaron. Grammatical borrowing in cross-linguistic perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007.

Meierkord, Christiane. “Lingua franca communication past and present”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2006, no. 177 (2006): 9-30.

Moule, Charles F. D. An idiom book of New Testament Greek. Cambridge: CUP, 1953.

Mussies, Gerard. “The Use of Hebrew and Aramaic in the Greek New Testament”. NTS 30, no. 03 (1984): 416-432.

Myers-Scotton, C. Contact Linguistics: Bilingual Encounters and Grammatical Outcomes. Oxford: OUP, 2002.

Neirynck, Frans. Duality in Mark: contributions to the study of the Markan redaction. 2ª ed. BETL 31. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1988.

Norden, Eduard. Die antike Kunstprosa vom VI. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis in die Zeit der Renaissance. Leipzig: Teubner, 1898.

Olofsson, Staffan. Translation Technique and Theological Exegesis. Collected Essays on the Septuagint Version. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2009.

Ong, Hughson T. “Ancient Palestine Is Multilingual and Diglossic: Introducing Multilingualism Theories to New Testament Studies”. CBR 13, no. 3 (2015): 330-350.

Orígenes. Contra Celso. Editado por Daniel Ruiz Bueno. Madrid: BAC, 1967.

Pope, M. H. “Hosanna”. En Anchor Bible Dictionary, editado por David Noel Freedman, vol. 3, 290-291. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1992.

Poplack, F. H. “Sometimes I’ll Start in Spanish y termino en Español: Towards a Typology of Code-Switching”. Linguistics 18 (1980): 581-618.

Porter, Stanley E. “History of Scholarship on the Language of the Septuagint”. En Die Sprache der Septuaginta/The Language of the Septuagint, editado por Eberhard Bons y Jan Joosten, LXX.H 3, 15-38. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2016.

Pryke, E. J. Redactional style in the Marcan Gospel: a study of syntax and vocabulary as guides to redaction in Mark. Cambridge: CUP, 1978.

Quintiliano, Marco Fabio. Institutionis oratoriae. Editado por Alfonso Ortega. 5 vols. Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 1997.

Redondo, Jordi. “The Greek literary language of the Hebrew historian Josephus”. Hermes 128, no. 4 (2000): 420-434.

Reiser, Marius. Syntax und Stil des Markusevangeliums im Licht der hellenistischen Volksliteratur. WUNT II 11. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1984.

Riches, John Kenneth. “Introduction”. En The Place of the Gospels in the General History of Literature, editado por Karl Ludwig Schmidt, vii-xxviii. Coloumbia SC: Univ of South Carolina Press, 2002.

Robertson, A. T. A grammar of the Greek New Testament in the light of historical research. New York: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914.

Rochette, Bruno. “Greek and Latin bilingualism”. En A companion to the ancient Greek language, editado por Egbert J. Bakker, 281-294. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Rüger, Hans P. “Die lexikalischen Aramaismen im Markusevangelium”. En Markus-Philologie. Historische, literargeschichtliche und stilistische Untersuchungen zum zweiten Evangelium, editado por Hubert Cancik WUNT, 73-84. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1984.

Rydbeck, Lars. Fachprosa, vermeintliche Volkssprache und Neues Testament: Zur Beurteilung der sprachlichen Niveauunterschiede im nachklassischen Griechisch. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell, 1967.

Sáenz-Badillos, Ángel. A history of the Hebrew language. Cambridge: CUP, 1993.

San Agustín. “La concordancia de los evangelistas”. En Escritos bíblicos (5.º), editado por Pío de Luis Vizcaíno y José Cosgaya, Obras completas 29, 171-667. Madrid: BAC, 1992.

Sawicki, Marianne. Crossing Galilee: architectures of contact in the occupied land of Jesus. Harrisburg, PA : Trinity Press International, 2000.

Schäfer, Peter. The Bar Kokhba war reconsidered new perspectives on the second Jewish revolt against Rome. Tü bingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003.

Schironi, Francesca. “Technical Languages: Science and Medicine”. En A companion to the ancient Greek language, 338-353. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Schirru, Giancarlo. “Latinismi nel greco d’Egitto”. En Le lingue del Mediterraneo antico: Culture, mutamenti, contatti, editado por Marco Mancini y Luca Lorenzetti, 301-332. Roma: Carocci editore, 2013.

Schupbach, S. Scott. “‘kai euthus’ as discourse marker in the gospel of Mark”. LING 214 (2013): 1-18.

Shannon, Claude Elwood y Warren Weaver. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.

Silva, Moises. “Semantic borrowing in the New Testament”. NTS 22, no. 1 (1975): 104-110.

Silva, Moises. “Bilingualism and the character of Palestinian Greek”. Biblica 61, no. 2 (1980): 198-219.

Smelik, Willem. The Targum of Judges. Leiden: Brill, 1995.

Smelik, Willem. “The Languages of Roman Palestine”. En The Oxford Handbook of Roman Palestine, editado por Catherine Hezser, 122-141. Oxford: OUP, 2010.

Sperber, Daniel. A dictionary of Greek and Latin legal terms in rabbinic literature. Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan Univ. Pr., 1984.

Spolsky, Bernard. The languages of the Jews: a sociolinguistic history. Cambridge: CUP, 2014.

Standaert, Benoît. L’Évangile selon Marc commentaire. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1983.

Stannard, C. “Overstrikes and imitative coinages in central Italy in the late Republic”. En Coins of Macedonia and Rome: Essays in Honour of Charles Hersh editado por A. Burnett, 209-229. London: Spink, 1998.

Swain, Simon. “Bilingualism in Cicero? The evidence of code-switching”. En Bilingualism in ancient society: Language contact and the written text, editado por James Noel Adams, Mark Janse y Simon Swain, 128-167. Oxford: OUP, 2002.

Swete, Henry Barclay. The Gospel according to St. Mark: the Greek text with introduction, notes and indices. London: MacMillan, 1898.

Szecsy, Elsie M. “Four-Skills Language Learning Theory”. En Encyclopedia of bilingual education, editado por J. M. González, 312-313. London: Sage, 2008.

Tabouret-Keller, A. “Language and identity”. En The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, editado por Florian Coulmas, 315-326. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Tácito, Cayo Cornelio. Historias. Libros I-II. Editado por Antonio Ramírez de Verger. Biblioteca clásica Gredos 402. Madrid: Gredos, 2012.

Theißen, Gerd. Urchristliche Wundergeschichten ein Beitrag zur formgeschichtlichen Erforschung der synoptischen Evangelien. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Mohn, 1974.

Theißen, Gerd. Colorido local y contexto histórico en los Evangelios: una contribución a la historia de la tradicción sinóptica. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1997.

Theobald, Michael. “Der Tod Jesu im Spiegel seiner «letzten Worte» vom Kreuz”. Theologische Quartalschrift 190, no. 1 (2010): 1-30.

Thrall, Margaret E. Greek particles in the New Testament: linguistic and exegetical studies. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1962.

Titrud, Kermit. “The Function of Καί in the Greek New Testament and an Application to 2 Peter”. En Linguistics and New Testament interpretation: essays on discourse analysis, editado por David Alan Black, Katharine G. L. Barnwell y Stephen H. Levinsohn, 240-271. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1992.

Tov, Emanuel. “Biliteral exegesis of hebrew roots in the Septuagint?”. En Reflection and Refraction: Studies in Biblical Historiography in Honour of A. Graeme Auld, editado por R. Rezetko, T. H. Lim y W. B. Aucker, 459-482. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Tribulato, Olga. “Literary dialects”. En A companion to the ancient Greek language, editado por Egbert J. Bakker, 388-400. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Trudinger, L. Paul. “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani: a cry of dereliction or victory?”. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 17, no. 4 (Fall 1974): 235-238.

Turner, Cuthbert Hamilton y James Keith Elliott. The Language and Style of the Gospel of Mark: An Edition of CH Turner’s” Notes on Marcan Usage” Together with Other Comparable Studies. Leiden: Brill, 1993.

Turner, Nigel. Christian words. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1980.

Underhill, J. W. Humboldt, Worldview and Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.

Van Iersel, Bastian Martinus Franciscus. Mark: a reader-response commentary. JSNTSupS 164. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

Voelz, James W. “The Greek of codex vaticanus in the second Gospel and marcan Greek”. Novum Testamentum 47, no. 3 (2005): 209-249.

Voelz, James W. “The Characteristics of the Greek of St. Mark’s Gospel”. En Texts and traditions: essays in honour of J. Keith Elliot, editado por J. K. Elliott y Peter Doble, 137-154. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Wallace, Daniel B. Greek grammar beyond the basics: an exegetical syntax of the New Testament. With Scripture, subject, and Greek word indexes. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.

Ward, Joel S. “Roman greek: Latinisms in the Greek of Flavius Josephus”. The Classical Quarterly (New Series) 57, no. 02 (2007): 632-649.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. An introduction to sociolinguistics. 6ª ed. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Watson, Francis. Gospel writing: a canonical perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2013.

Watt, Jonathan M. “The current landscape of diglossia studies: The diglossic continuum in first-century Palestine”. En Diglossia and Other Topics in New Testament Linguistics, editado por Stanley E. Porter, JSNTSupS 193, 18-36. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.

Watt, Jonathan M. “Some Implications of Bilingualism for New Testament Exegesis”. En The language of the New Testament: context, history, and development, editado por Stanley E. Porter y Andrew W. Pitts, Linguistic Biblical Studies 6, 9-28. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Weinreich, Uriel. Languages in contact: findings and problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York, 1953.

Weiss, Johannes. Das alteste Evangelium: ein Beitrag zum Verstandnis des Markus-Evangeliums und der altesten evangelischen Uberlieferung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1903.

Wifstrand, Albert. Epochs and Styles: Selected Writings on the New Testament, Greek Language and Greek Culture in the Post-Classical Era. Editado por Stanley E. Porter y Lars Rydbeck, WUNT 179. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005.

Wischmeyer, Oda, David C. Sim y Ian Elmer. Mark and Paul Comparative Essays. Part I. Two Authors at the Beginnings of Christianity. BZNW 198. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014.

Zeitlin, Solomon. “Korban: A Gift”. The Jewish Quarterly Review 59, no. 2 (1968): 133-135.

Zetterholm, Magnus. The formation of Christianity in Antioch a social-scientific approach to the separation between Judaism and Christianity. London: Routledge, 2003.

Zimmermann, Christiane. Die Namen des Vaters: Studien zu ausgewählten neutestamentlichen Gottesbezeichnungen vor ihrem frühjüdischen und paganen Sprachhorizont. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

Zumstein, Jean. El evangelio según Juan (1-12). Salamanca: Sígueme, 2016.